Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic of qualitative research?
What is a characteristic of qualitative research?
Which component of trustworthiness in qualitative research refers to the accurate representation of subjects and context?
Which component of trustworthiness in qualitative research refers to the accurate representation of subjects and context?
What is a primary method of data collection in qualitative research?
What is a primary method of data collection in qualitative research?
What ensures the adaptability of a research study to changes that may occur during the research process?
What ensures the adaptability of a research study to changes that may occur during the research process?
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In experimental research, what is required for establishing a cause-and-effect relationship?
In experimental research, what is required for establishing a cause-and-effect relationship?
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What distinguishes observational research from experimental research?
What distinguishes observational research from experimental research?
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Which type of validity ensures that the observed changes are due to the treatment applied?
Which type of validity ensures that the observed changes are due to the treatment applied?
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What is an example of a threat to external validity?
What is an example of a threat to external validity?
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Which study design is best suited for long-term follow-up of a large group?
Which study design is best suited for long-term follow-up of a large group?
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Which design type refers to studies that only involve one participant tracked over time?
Which design type refers to studies that only involve one participant tracked over time?
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What is the primary goal of a systematic review in research?
What is the primary goal of a systematic review in research?
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In which type of regression is the outcome variable binary?
In which type of regression is the outcome variable binary?
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Which of the following is NOT a step in the meta-analysis process?
Which of the following is NOT a step in the meta-analysis process?
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What defines the term 'determinants' in epidemiological concepts?
What defines the term 'determinants' in epidemiological concepts?
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What is an essential characteristic of meta-analysis?
What is an essential characteristic of meta-analysis?
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Which statement about correlation is true?
Which statement about correlation is true?
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Study Notes
Qualitative Research
- Involves analyzing non-numeric data such as language
- Used across disciplines like anthropology, psychology, sociology, and kinesiology
- Also known as ethnographic, grounded theory, phenomenological research
- Involves defining the problem, formulating questions and frameworks, collecting data, and analyzing results
- Data collection methods include interviews, focus groups, and observations
- Ensuring trustworthiness in research using credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability
Trustworthiness in Qualitative Research
- Credibility - accurately representing the subjects and context
- Transferability - the ability of the findings to be applied to similar contexts
- Dependability - consistency of the results over time and through different researchers
- Confirmability - the validity of findings when verified by others
- Can be supported through data quality, bias management, triangulation, and member checking
Data Analysis in Qualitative Research
- Step 1: Transcribe interviews
- Step 2: Sort and categorize data
- Step 3: Merge insights
- Techniques include: analytic narrative, narrative vignette, use of direct quotes
Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Research
- Examines cause and effect relationships
- Requires a strong theoretical framework, experimental design, proper variables, and statistical analysis
- Criteria for causality includes:
- Cause precedes the effect
- Cause and effect correlate
- No other variable can explain this correlation
Types and Threats to Validity
- Internal Validity: Assesses whether the treatment actually caused the observed change
- External Validity: Assesses whether the findings can be generalized to other contexts
- Threats to internal validity include:
- History
- Maturation
- Testing effects
- Selection biases
- Threats to external validity include:
- Interaction of testing with treatment,
- Biases in participant selection
Experimental Design Types
- Pre-experimental: Simple designs with limited control, such as one-shot studies or one-group pretest-posttest designs
- Experimental: Involves random assignment of participants to groups and manipulation of the independent variable
- Quasi-experimental: Does not involve random assignment, but tracks a single participant over time
Epidemiology
- Examines the distribution and determinants of health outcomes in populations
- Observational research: Examines naturally occurring differences without intervention
- Experimental research: Tests the effects of treatments, often ethically limited
Key Epidemiological Concepts
- Distribution: Frequency (prevalence and incidence) and patterns (person, place, time)
- Determinants: Factors that influence or contribute to the health outcome
Epidemiological Study Designs
- Cross-sectional: Compares different groups of participants at the same time
- Cohort: Tracks a group over time to observe changes in health outcomes
- Case-controlled: Matches participants with and without a condition to explore potential risk factors
Correlation & Regression
- Correlation: Examines relationships between two or more variables
- Types of correlation: Positive or negative
- Regression: Predicts outcomes from one or more variables
- Simple regression: Predicts outcomes from a single predictor variable
- Multiple regression: Uses several predictor variables to predict a complex outcome
- Logistic regression: Used to predict binary outcomes (e.g., yes/no)
Research Synthesis, Systematic Reviews, and Meta-Analysis
- Purpose of Research Synthesis: Clearly defined purpose to identify and analyze existing research
- Literature Review: Exploratory, often used to find a research purpose
- Meta-Analysis: Analyzing data from multiple studies to answer research questions
- Steps involved in meta-analysis:
- Define research objectives
- Conduct a literature search using specified databases and criteria
- Select studies based on pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria
- Evaluate and code data to extract important details
- Calculate effect sizes for each study
- Conduct statistical analysis to summarize the effects across studies
- Report findings
- Systematic Review: Summarizes research on a specific topic, often without the quantitative focus of meta-analysis
- Steps involved in a systematic review:
- Forming a research team
- Registering the review protocol (e.g., PROSPERO)
- Screening studies for eligibility
- Including relevant studies in the review
- Flowchart is used to visually track the steps of the review.
- Considerations in Meta-Analysis:
- Effect Size Coding - selecting the appropriate statistics and accounting for group differences
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Description
This quiz explores qualitative research methodologies and the principles of trustworthiness within qualitative studies. It covers data collection methods, analysis frameworks, and essential components such as credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. Test your understanding of these crucial concepts in the realm of qualitative research.