Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is one of the key assumptions of the case study method?
What is one of the key assumptions of the case study method?
What was the percentage increase in higher education enrollment from 2020-21 to 2021-22?
What was the percentage increase in higher education enrollment from 2020-21 to 2021-22?
What is the main advantage of conducting an unstructured interview?
What is the main advantage of conducting an unstructured interview?
Which type of data is collected directly from primary sources?
Which type of data is collected directly from primary sources?
Signup and view all the answers
In which type of interview does the interviewer have the freedom to explore reasons and motives?
In which type of interview does the interviewer have the freedom to explore reasons and motives?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes a questionnaire?
Which of the following describes a questionnaire?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a defining characteristic of in-depth interviews?
What is a defining characteristic of in-depth interviews?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of research are unstructured interviews particularly suitable for?
What type of research are unstructured interviews particularly suitable for?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the employment percentage in India in 2022-23 according to the provided data?
What was the employment percentage in India in 2022-23 according to the provided data?
Signup and view all the answers
What role does an interview guide play in in-depth interviews?
What role does an interview guide play in in-depth interviews?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes secondary data from primary data?
What distinguishes secondary data from primary data?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common outcome of focused interviews?
What is a common outcome of focused interviews?
Signup and view all the answers
In a schedule, who collects the responses?
In a schedule, who collects the responses?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary challenge faced by interviewers in unstructured interviews?
What is the primary challenge faced by interviewers in unstructured interviews?
Signup and view all the answers
What is defined as 'facts or information, which are especially examined and used to find out things and make decisions'?
What is defined as 'facts or information, which are especially examined and used to find out things and make decisions'?
Signup and view all the answers
Where are in-depth interviews ideally conducted?
Where are in-depth interviews ideally conducted?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an advantage of using a fixed response questionnaire?
What is an advantage of using a fixed response questionnaire?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of questionnaire requires respondents to provide short or lengthy answers?
What type of questionnaire requires respondents to provide short or lengthy answers?
Signup and view all the answers
Which is a disadvantage of mail questionnaires?
Which is a disadvantage of mail questionnaires?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes a closed form questionnaire?
Which of the following describes a closed form questionnaire?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common disadvantage of open-ended questionnaires?
What is a common disadvantage of open-ended questionnaires?
Signup and view all the answers
Which assumption is necessary when utilizing fixed response questionnaires?
Which assumption is necessary when utilizing fixed response questionnaires?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following methods avoids the influence of interviewers?
Which of the following methods avoids the influence of interviewers?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a specific disadvantage of face-to-face administered questionnaires?
What is a specific disadvantage of face-to-face administered questionnaires?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the main purposes of using the observation method?
What is one of the main purposes of using the observation method?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of observation involves explicit procedures and logic of scientific inference?
Which type of observation involves explicit procedures and logic of scientific inference?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a primary characteristic of nonparticipant observation?
What is a primary characteristic of nonparticipant observation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a limitation of participant observation?
What is a limitation of participant observation?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two general classes of behavior observation?
What are the two general classes of behavior observation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of a rating scale in behavior observation?
What is the function of a rating scale in behavior observation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a strength of nonparticipant observation?
Which of the following is a strength of nonparticipant observation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential risk of observing behavior in a laboratory setting?
What is a potential risk of observing behavior in a laboratory setting?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a primary characteristic of questionnaires compared to schedules?
What is a primary characteristic of questionnaires compared to schedules?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes a disadvantage of using questionnaires?
Which of the following describes a disadvantage of using questionnaires?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key advantage of using schedules over questionnaires?
What is a key advantage of using schedules over questionnaires?
Signup and view all the answers
What does not contribute to the higher cost of data collection using schedules?
What does not contribute to the higher cost of data collection using schedules?
Signup and view all the answers
In what scenario can schedules be preferred over questionnaires?
In what scenario can schedules be preferred over questionnaires?
Signup and view all the answers
What characteristic of questionnaires can lead to bias due to non-response?
What characteristic of questionnaires can lead to bias due to non-response?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a limitation of using the questionnaire method in terms of respondents?
What is a limitation of using the questionnaire method in terms of respondents?
Signup and view all the answers
Which issue is more prevalent when using schedules compared to questionnaires?
Which issue is more prevalent when using schedules compared to questionnaires?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the preferred maximum number of intervals on a rating scale?
What is the preferred maximum number of intervals on a rating scale?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes a Numerical Rating Scale?
Which of the following describes a Numerical Rating Scale?
Signup and view all the answers
Which advantage does the Graphic Rating Scale offer?
Which advantage does the Graphic Rating Scale offer?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a major limitation of the Percentage Rating method?
What is a major limitation of the Percentage Rating method?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of scale asks raters to name someone high on the trait being evaluated?
Which type of scale asks raters to name someone high on the trait being evaluated?
Signup and view all the answers
What factor should be considered when defining traits in a rating scale?
What factor should be considered when defining traits in a rating scale?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a disadvantage of the Graphic Rating Scale?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of the Graphic Rating Scale?
Signup and view all the answers
When are standard scales particularly useful?
When are standard scales particularly useful?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Qualitative Data Collection Methods
- Qualitative research is grounded in the assumption that individuals construct social reality through meanings and interpretations.
- Qualitative data is descriptive and typically in a narrative form, rather than numerical.
- Qualitative data can be statistically analyzed after processing and classification into categories.
Qualitative Data Collection Techniques
-
Observation: A method for collecting first-hand data on behaviours, processes, or interactions.
- Structured observation: Uses pre-defined units, recording methods, standardized conditions, and selection criteria.
- Unstructured observation: Conducted without pre-defined criteria, allowing flexibility in observation.
- Participant observation: Researcher is involved in the situation being observed, playing a role in the group.
- Non-participant observation: Researcher observes from a distance without becoming part of the group.
- Controlled observation: Data collection following a specific plan, often involving experimental procedures.
- Uncontrolled observation: Data collection in natural conditions without any stimulation.
-
Interview: A method for collecting data through oral-verbal questioning.
- Structured interview: Uses standardized sets of questions in a planned sequence.
- Unstructured interview: Uses open-ended questions to explore issues or topics.
- Semi-structured interview: Uses a combination of structured and unstructured elements, providing flexibility.
-
Focus groups: Used for gathering data through group discussion.
- A gathering of 8-12 people who share characteristics relevant to the study.
- Useful for generating new ideas, identifying and defining problems.
-
Case study: An in-depth analysis of a single social unit or multiple units.
- Observations, records, and complete detail is used to study the interrelations among factors.
-
Document studies: Analyze existing records (e.g., documents, reports, minutes of meetings, etc.) to gain insights about settings or groups.
-
Key informants: Skilled individuals with unique knowledge about the topic of the study to gain insights and perspectives.
-
Performance assessment: Examining the performance of participants as a means of evaluating an issue or a project.
Questionnaire and Schedules
-
Questionnaire: A list of questions that the respondent answers in written form.
-
Schedule: A list of questions that an interviewer asks the respondent verbally.
-
Advantages of questionnaires: Cheap, less time consuming, larger sample size.
-
Disadvantages of questionnaires: High non-response rate, potential inaccuracies, difficulty in addressing complex issues, can’t address complex issues.
-
Advantages of schedules: Can clarify complex issues with respondent, lower non-response rate, obtain additional background data.
-
Disadvantages of schedules: More costly, time-consuming, interviewer bias, possible respondent discomfort, potential respondent bias.
Other Qualitative Data Collection
-
Content analysis:
- The analysis of documents (e.g., books, magazines)
- A simple level - focusing on easily countable characteristics.
- A subtle level - uncovering hidden meanings or interpretations.
-
Sociometry: A technique of measuring relationships among people in a group
-
Pre-testing: Testing questionnaires or schedules on a sample to ensure they are effective and understood by respondents.
Types of Rating Scales
- Numerical Rating Scale (Numerical Anchors): Uses numbers for rating (e.g., 1-9 scale).
- Graphic Rating Scales: Visual scale with descriptive cues.
- Percentage Rating Scales: Percentage intervals for rating.
- Standard Scale (Man-to-Man): Participants rank others based on specific traits.
- Standard Scale (Portrait Matching): Participants match descriptions with individuals.
- Cumulative Point Scales: Ratings summarized for a profile.
Factors Affecting Effective Rating
- Characteristics of raters
- Trait definition and characteristics of the person being rated.
- Rater training and procedure.
Interview Method
- A method for collecting data through oral-verbal questioning.
- Formal interviews: Uses standardized, prepared questions in a pre-set order.
- Informal interviews: Uses open-ended, conversational questioning.
- Advantages of interview: Flexibility, increased validity, understanding, control over the situation, checks on responses.
- Disadvantages of interviews: Costly, time consuming, interviewer bias.
- Main Functions of interviews: Description, exploration,
Types of Interview
- Both formal and informal interviews have benefits depending on the objective of the study.
- Flexibility is an advantage of informal interviews.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the various qualitative data collection methods in this quiz. Learn about techniques like structured and unstructured observation, and understand how qualitative research shapes our understanding of social reality. Assess your knowledge on the fundamental aspects of data collection in qualitative research.
