consti mod 1

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Questions and Answers

What is required for an initiative to be valid within a legislative district?

Support from 15% of registered voters

Endorsement by local government units

Approval from the legislative body

Participation of at least 3% of the registered voters (correct)

Which of the following statements about the plebiscite for constitutional amendments is true?

Voter support must exceed 50% of the total votes cast.

It should occur within 30 to 60 days after proposal approval.

It must be ratified by a majority of the votes cast. (correct)

It requires only a simple majority of registered voters to pass.

What limitation is placed on the number of times an initiative can be proposed?

There is no limitation on proposing initiatives.

It may be proposed in every election cycle.

It cannot be proposed more than once every five years. (correct)

It can only be proposed once every ten years.

What is the purpose of the initiative as defined in the provided content?

To enable the electorate to directly propose amendments to the Constitution. Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of registered voters necessary to support an effective proposal during a referendum?

At least 12 percent of the registered voters Signup and view all the answers

How is vertical stare decisis viewed in relation to horizontal stare decisis?

Vertical is an obligation, while horizontal is a policy. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between government and state?

Government is an instrumentality through which the state’s will is realized. Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the term 'nation' in contrast to 'state'?

A nation refers to an ethnic or racial concept, while a state is a legal concept. Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario would Congress vote jointly?

To prevent dilution of the Senate's power. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements about people's initiatives is accurate?

People's initiative is not self-executing and requires specific legislation. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a self-executing provision from a non-self-executing provision?

Self-executing provisions are directly applicable without the need for supplementary legislation. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about non-self-executing provisions is true?

They lay down basic principles but require legislative implementation. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a self-executing provision in the Constitution?

It becomes operative without the aid of supplementary legislation. Signup and view all the answers

What do qualitative tests primarily assess in constitutional provisions?

The long-term effects on the nation's governance. Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a provision is considered mandatory under the Constitution?

There is a clear showing of contrary intention. Signup and view all the answers

What does the quantitative test focus on when analyzing constitutional provisions?

The number of provisions affected by changes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a self-executing provision?

Granting the President control over all departments. Signup and view all the answers

What voting threshold is required for Congress to call a constitutional convention?

2/3 of all its members Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario would most likely require a provision to be non-self-executing?

A clause that requires additional laws for clarity or enforcement. Signup and view all the answers

Which proposal method allows the electorate to determine the need for a constitutional convention?

Referendum by the electorate Signup and view all the answers

What is the absolute majority vote requirement for Congress to submit the question of calling a convention to the electorate?

51% of all members Signup and view all the answers

If the 2/3 voting requirement of Congress is not met, what is the next step?

Determine the need for a convention via a majority vote Signup and view all the answers

What role does Congress have when acting as a constituent body regarding constitutional amendments?

To propose amendments and revisions Signup and view all the answers

How many votes are needed for Congress to propose an amendment in a joint session?

At least 2/3 of each house Signup and view all the answers

What is the necessary requirement for the electorate to call upon a constitutional convention?

Majority vote from the electorate Signup and view all the answers

If Congress proposes a constitutional amendment, what action must follow for it to become law?

Ratification by a 3/4 majority of states Signup and view all the answers

What is required for any amendment or revision of the Constitution to be considered valid?

Ratification by a majority in a plebiscite Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum time frame for holding a plebiscite after the approval of an amendment?

Ninety days Signup and view all the answers

Which process can the electorate use to suggest amendments to the Constitution?

Initiative Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for the initiative concerning amendments to operate?

Implementing legislation Signup and view all the answers

What does vertical stare decisis relate to in the context of judicial decisions?

Lower courts applying the decisions of higher courts Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about proposing a Constitutional Convention (Con-Con) is accurate?

Congress has options to either directly call for a Con-Con or submit it to the electorate Signup and view all the answers

What type of amendment can be proposed by the electorate through initiative?

Amendments only Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of horizontal stare decisis in the context of court rulings?

High courts must follow their own precedents Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Qualitative Test

Definition: A qualitative test is a type of analysis that focuses on determining the presence or absence of a substance, rather than measuring the quantity.
Purpose:
- Identify unknown substances.
- Confirm the presence of specific compounds.
- Evaluate the chemical properties of a sample.
Types of Qualitative Tests:
- Chemical Reactions: Observations of color change, precipitation, or gas production.
- pH Testing: Use of indicators to determine acidity or basicity.
- Microbiological Tests: Identification of microorganisms through culture or biochemical tests.
- Spectroscopic Methods: Techniques like UV-Vis or infrared spectroscopy to identify compounds based on their absorption/emission of light.
Common Techniques:
- Colorimetric Tests: Measuring the color of a solution to identify compounds.
- TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography): Separating components based on their different affinities for a stationary phase.
- Flame Tests: Observing specific flame colors produced by metal ions.
Advantages:
- Simple and cost-effective.
- Quick results for initial investigations.
- Minimal sample preparation required.
Disadvantages:
- Results are usually not quantitative.
- May require further testing for confirmation.
- Potential for false positives/negatives.
Applications:
- Forensic investigations (drug identification).
- Environmental testing (detecting pollutants).
- Clinical diagnostics (identifying pathogens in samples).
Interpretation of Results:
- Requires careful observation and comparison with known standards.
- Confirmation may be needed through quantitative analysis or alternative methods.

Qualitative Tests

Qualitative tests are used to determine the presence or absence of a substance.
They do not measure the quantity of the substance.
Qualitative tests are used to identify unknown substances, confirm the presence of specific compounds, and evaluate chemical properties.
Common types of qualitative tests include chemical reactions, pH testing, microbiological tests, and spectroscopic methods.

Chemical Reactions

Observing color changes, precipitation, or gas production can be used to identify unknown substances, and confirm the presence of specific compounds.

Spectroscopic Methods

Spectroscopic methods like UV-Vis or infrared spectroscopy identify compounds based on their absorption/emission of light.

Common Techniques

Colorimetric Tests: Measure the color of a solution to identify compounds.
TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography): Separates components based on their different affinities for a stationary phase.
Flame Tests: Observe specific flame colors produced by metal ions

Advantages of Qualitative Tests

Simple and cost-effective
Quick results for initial investigations
Minimal sample preparation required

Disadvantages of Qualitative Tests

Results are usually not quantitative
May require further testing for confirmation
Potential for false positives/negatives

Interpretations of Results

Results can be analyzed through careful observation and comparison with known standards.
Confirmation may be needed through quantitative analysis or alternative methods.

Self-Executing vs. Non-Self-Executing Provisions

Self-executing: Provisions that are directly applicable without the need for further legislation
- Complete in themselves and become operative without enabling legislation
- Example: Section 17, Article VII of the Philippine Constitution (President's power of control over departments)
Non-self-executing: Provisions that remain dormant until activated by legislation
- Generally lay down basic principles
- Example: Section 4, Article II of the Philippine Constitution (duty of the state to defend)

Modes for Proposing Amendments or Revisions to the Constitution

Congress as a Constituent Body:
- 2/3 vote of all members of Congress
- 3/4 vote of each house in joint session
- This is the upper threshold.
Constitutional Convention:
- Congress can call a Con Con by a 2/3 vote of all its members or submit the question to the electorate by a majority vote
- This is the lower threshold
People's Initiative:
- 12% of all registered voters from at least 3% of registered voters in each legislative district
- Not allowed within 5 years of February 2, 1987, nor more often than once every 5 years

Ratification of Amendments or Revisions

Ratification by Plebiscite:
- Majority of votes cast
- Held within 60 to 90 days following approval of the amendment or revision

Limitations on Amendments Through Initiative and Referendum

Effective Proposal:
- 12% of all registered voters
- 3% of registered voters in each legislative district
- Higher percentage for amendments through initiative and referendum than for passing statutes

Stare Decisis

Vertical Stare Decisis:
- Lower courts must apply the decisions of higher courts to cases involving the same facts.
Horizontal Stare Decisis:
- High courts should follow their own precedents.
State vs. Nation:
- State is a legal concept, while nation is an ethnic or racial concept.
Government vs. State:
- Government is an instrumentality of the state, implementing the state's will.

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Description

This quiz explores the fundamentals of qualitative tests, emphasizing their significance in identifying the presence of substances. Key techniques such as chemical reactions, pH testing, and spectroscopic methods are discussed. Test your knowledge on how these methods help in confirming compounds and assessing chemical properties.