QSAR Chapter 18: Hammett Substituent Constant (σ)
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Questions and Answers

What does the Hammett substituent constant (σ) measure?

  • The dissociation constant of benzoic acids
  • The electron-withdrawing or electron-donating influence of substituents (correct)
  • The resonance effect of aromatic substituents
  • The strength of the acidic substituent

    • What is the effect of an electron-withdrawing substituent on the equilibrium?

  • The equilibrium remains unaffected
  • The equilibrium shifts to the right (correct)
  • The equilibrium shifts to the left
  • The equilibrium can shift in either direction

    • Why are ortho values of σ invalid?

  • Due to steric factors (correct)
  • Due to electronic effects
  • Due to resonance effects
  • Due to inductive effects

    • What is the effect of a para-substituent like NO2 on the dissociation constant?

    <p>It increases the dissociation constant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a meta-substituent like OH on the dissociation constant?

    <p>It decreases the dissociation constant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the Hammett substituent constant and the activity of diethylphenylphosphates (insecticides)?

    <p>Electron-withdrawing substituents increase activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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