Immunology

<p>Toxoplasmosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are composed of thread-like structures called hyphae. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surface transmission to a suitable host. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parasites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They feed through saprotrophic nutrition. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct contact (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changing the shape of healthy proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protocist (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Can still transmit the disease to others (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5-50 μm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By consuming contaminated food or water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tetanus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 μm - 2 mm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria (A), Viruses (C), Fungi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By hijacking the host cell's machinery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct contact with infected surfaces (A), Drinking non-pasteurized milk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Persistent coughing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can reproduce independently (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals showing no symptoms but capable of spreading the pathogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can cause significant diseases in humans and animals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria are prokaryotic cells, viruses lack cellular components (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A group of eukaryotic organisms that photosynthesize or feed on organic matter.

Some protoctists cause diseases in humans, like Malaria, Trypanosomiasis, Leishmaniasis, Toxoplasmosis, and Amoebic dysentery.

A protein causing disease by misfolding other brain proteins.

An organism living on or in a host to obtain resources; often causes harm to the host, but rarely kills.

Disease spread through physical touching, bodily fluids, etc.

Disease spread through contact with contaminated objects.

Disease spread through breathing in pathogens or droplets.

A place where a disease can exist and multiply, such as soil, water, or animals. It is a source of infection.

Viruses replicate by infecting cells, replicating their genetic material and protein, assembling new viruses, and then causing the host cell to burst, releasing new viruses to infect other cells.

Eukaryotic organisms that can be single-celled (like yeast) or multicellular (with thread-like hyphae). They obtain nutrients by secreting enzymes to break down organic matter.

Fungi get their food by secreting digestive enzymes onto their food source, then absorbing the digested nutrients.

Thread-like structures that make up multicellular fungi and form a network called a mycelium.

A diverse kingdom of single-celled or simple multicellular eukaryotic organisms that don't fit neatly into other kingdoms like animals, plants, or fungi.

Protoctists can have characteristics resembling both animals and plants, such as some having cell walls or chloroplasts.

A cell with a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Viruses can survive outside a host for a period, making spread on surfaces relatively easy.

Any microorganism that can cause disease

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protists

0.5-5 micrometers (μm)

Segment of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by protein

20-350 nanometers (nm)

Viruses lack the seven life processes of movement, respiration, sensitivity, nutrition, excretion, reproduction, and growth

Viruses cannot be treated with antibiotics; instead, we rely on vaccinations and the body's immune response