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Questions and Answers
Helper T cells ______.
Helper T cells ______.
- Activate B cells and other T cells (correct)
- Secrete antibodies
- Suppress immune reactions
- Function in allergic reactions
- Directly destroy target cells
Plasma cells ______.
Plasma cells ______.
- Secrete antibodies (correct)
- Function in allergic reactions
- Activate B cells and other T cells
- Suppress immune reactions
- Directly destroy target cells
The major histocompatibility complex is ______.
The major histocompatibility complex is ______.
- Found on the third chromosome
- A set of genes that code for MHC glycoproteins (correct)
- Located in the thymus gland
- Glycoproteins, called MHC antigens, found on all body cells
- All of the choices are correct
Class II MHC genes code for ______.
Class II MHC genes code for ______.
MHC molecules are found on each of the following cells except ______.
MHC molecules are found on each of the following cells except ______.
Which of the following is not a property of B cells?
Which of the following is not a property of B cells?
When an antibody is covering a foreign microorganism, complement may be activated via the ______ pathway.
When an antibody is covering a foreign microorganism, complement may be activated via the ______ pathway.
Antibody molecules circulate in lymph, blood, and tissue fluids.
Antibody molecules circulate in lymph, blood, and tissue fluids.
Activation of B cells occurs when antigen binds to B-cell surface immunoglobulin receptors.
Activation of B cells occurs when antigen binds to B-cell surface immunoglobulin receptors.
After secreting antibodies during an immune response, plasma cells then differentiate into memory cells.
After secreting antibodies during an immune response, plasma cells then differentiate into memory cells.
One plasma cell will secrete antibodies of various classes but the antibodies will all have the same specificity.
One plasma cell will secrete antibodies of various classes but the antibodies will all have the same specificity.
The third line of defense can be summarized in four stages; I—antigen binding to T helper cells, II—antigen binding to B cells, III—phagocytosis of antigen by B and T lymphocytes, IV—killing of antigen.
The third line of defense can be summarized in four stages; I—antigen binding to T helper cells, II—antigen binding to B cells, III—phagocytosis of antigen by B and T lymphocytes, IV—killing of antigen.
The diversity and specificity of the lymphocyte repertoire against any potential antigen it may encounter is due to the rearrangement of gene segments that code for the antigen receptors.
The diversity and specificity of the lymphocyte repertoire against any potential antigen it may encounter is due to the rearrangement of gene segments that code for the antigen receptors.
In addition to dendritic cells and macrophages, B cells can also act as antigen-presenting cells. This occurs when ______.
In addition to dendritic cells and macrophages, B cells can also act as antigen-presenting cells. This occurs when ______.
Gamma-delta T cells ______.
Gamma-delta T cells ______.
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Study Notes
Helper T Cells
- Helper T cells primarily activate B cells and other T cells, essential for adaptive immunity.
Plasma Cells
- Plasma cells are responsible for secreting antibodies, which play a crucial role in targeting pathogens.
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
- MHC refers to glycoproteins, also known as MHC antigens, found on all body cells.
- It is crucial for immune recognition and is derived from a set of genes coding for MHC glycoproteins.
Class II MHC Genes
- Class II MHC genes specifically code for receptors on macrophages and B cells, facilitating antigen presentation.
MHC Molecule Presence
- MHC molecules are absent on red blood cells, which distinguishes them from other cells like leukocytes and epithelial cells.
Properties of B Cells
- B cells produce plasma cells and memory cells and mature in bone marrow; however, they require antigen presentation with MHC proteins to activate fully.
Antibody Activation of Complement
- The presence of antibodies on foreign microorganisms activates the complement system via the classical pathway, enhancing immune response.
Antibody Circulation
- Antibodies circulate throughout the lymphatic system, blood, and tissue fluids, playing a vital role in immune surveillance.
B Cell Activation
- Activation occurs when antigens bind to B-cell surface immunoglobulin receptors, triggering antibody production.
Plasma Cell Functionality
- Plasma cells secrete antibodies of the same specificity; however, they do not differentiate into memory cells after their antibody-secreting phase.
Lymphocyte Response Diversity
- The lymphocyte repertoire’s diversity and specificity arise from rearrangement of gene segments coding for antigen receptors.
Antigen-Presenting Cells
- B cells can act as antigen-presenting cells when antigens are simple, repeating structures, leading to T-cell-independent immune responses.
Gamma-Delta T Cells
- Gamma-delta T cells serve as a link between nonspecific and specific immune responses, can bind PAMPs, and have diverse T cell receptors targeting various antigens.
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