Questions and Answers
Helper T cells ______.
Plasma cells ______.
The major histocompatibility complex is ______.
Class II MHC genes code for ______.
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MHC molecules are found on each of the following cells except ______.
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Which of the following is not a property of B cells?
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When an antibody is covering a foreign microorganism, complement may be activated via the ______ pathway.
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Antibody molecules circulate in lymph, blood, and tissue fluids.
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Activation of B cells occurs when antigen binds to B-cell surface immunoglobulin receptors.
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After secreting antibodies during an immune response, plasma cells then differentiate into memory cells.
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One plasma cell will secrete antibodies of various classes but the antibodies will all have the same specificity.
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The third line of defense can be summarized in four stages; I—antigen binding to T helper cells, II—antigen binding to B cells, III—phagocytosis of antigen by B and T lymphocytes, IV—killing of antigen.
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The diversity and specificity of the lymphocyte repertoire against any potential antigen it may encounter is due to the rearrangement of gene segments that code for the antigen receptors.
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In addition to dendritic cells and macrophages, B cells can also act as antigen-presenting cells. This occurs when ______.
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Gamma-delta T cells ______.
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Study Notes
Helper T Cells
- Helper T cells primarily activate B cells and other T cells, essential for adaptive immunity.
Plasma Cells
- Plasma cells are responsible for secreting antibodies, which play a crucial role in targeting pathogens.
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
- MHC refers to glycoproteins, also known as MHC antigens, found on all body cells.
- It is crucial for immune recognition and is derived from a set of genes coding for MHC glycoproteins.
Class II MHC Genes
- Class II MHC genes specifically code for receptors on macrophages and B cells, facilitating antigen presentation.
MHC Molecule Presence
- MHC molecules are absent on red blood cells, which distinguishes them from other cells like leukocytes and epithelial cells.
Properties of B Cells
- B cells produce plasma cells and memory cells and mature in bone marrow; however, they require antigen presentation with MHC proteins to activate fully.
Antibody Activation of Complement
- The presence of antibodies on foreign microorganisms activates the complement system via the classical pathway, enhancing immune response.
Antibody Circulation
- Antibodies circulate throughout the lymphatic system, blood, and tissue fluids, playing a vital role in immune surveillance.
B Cell Activation
- Activation occurs when antigens bind to B-cell surface immunoglobulin receptors, triggering antibody production.
Plasma Cell Functionality
- Plasma cells secrete antibodies of the same specificity; however, they do not differentiate into memory cells after their antibody-secreting phase.
Lymphocyte Response Diversity
- The lymphocyte repertoire’s diversity and specificity arise from rearrangement of gene segments coding for antigen receptors.
Antigen-Presenting Cells
- B cells can act as antigen-presenting cells when antigens are simple, repeating structures, leading to T-cell-independent immune responses.
Gamma-Delta T Cells
- Gamma-delta T cells serve as a link between nonspecific and specific immune responses, can bind PAMPs, and have diverse T cell receptors targeting various antigens.
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Test your knowledge on immunology with these flashcards focused on Chapter 13. Each card challenges you to recall key concepts related to T cells, plasma cells, and immune responses. Perfect for students preparing for exams or reinforcing their understanding of the immune system.
