Podcast
Questions and Answers
Match each of the antibody classes with its description.
Match each of the antibody classes with its description.
IgM = First class produced in primary response. Forms a pentamer. Helps activate complement through the classical pathway. IgG = Main class found in blood. Only class that can cross the placenta. Found as a monomer. IgA = Most abundant class overall, but mainly found in mucosal secretions. Generally found as a dimer. IgE = Binds via Fc region to mast cells/basophils. Involved in allergic responses and responses to parasites. IgD = Involved in maturation of B lymphocytes and antibody responses, but function is largely uncharacterized.
Select all of the following that apply to a secondary response to a T-dependent antigen:
Select all of the following that apply to a secondary response to a T-dependent antigen:
- May take only 2-4 days to build a substantial amount of antibodies in the bloodstream. (correct)
- Fine-tunes and increases strength of binding of antibody to antigen through the process of affinity maturation. (correct)
- Produces mainly either IgG or IgA antibodies without shifting to other types. (correct)
Cytotoxic T cells primarily are responsible for?
Cytotoxic T cells primarily are responsible for?
cell-mediated immunity.
Match the statements to the terms they describe regarding the possible end results of antibody binding to antigen.
Match the statements to the terms they describe regarding the possible end results of antibody binding to antigen.
Please place the lymphocytes in the correct order in terms of clonal selection and expansion.
Please place the lymphocytes in the correct order in terms of clonal selection and expansion.
You are infected with an enveloped single-stranded RNA virus. Your immune system recognizes the antigen and responds. Plasma cells generate antibodies that bind to the virus, preventing it from entering your cells. This is an example of?
You are infected with an enveloped single-stranded RNA virus. Your immune system recognizes the antigen and responds. Plasma cells generate antibodies that bind to the virus, preventing it from entering your cells. This is an example of?
IgM is particularly effective in cross-linking antigens because?
IgM is particularly effective in cross-linking antigens because?
Select the INCORRECT statement regarding the outcomes of antigen-antibody binding.
Select the INCORRECT statement regarding the outcomes of antigen-antibody binding.
If your cell-mediated immune response were compromised, which of the following would happen?
If your cell-mediated immune response were compromised, which of the following would happen?
A term synonymous with antibody is?
A term synonymous with antibody is?
Which part accounts for antigen-binding specificity?
Which part accounts for antigen-binding specificity?
If your humoral immune response were compromised, which of the following would happen?
If your humoral immune response were compromised, which of the following would happen?
The adaptive immune response?
The adaptive immune response?
T cells?
T cells?
Antigens?
Antigens?
After repeated exposure to foreign material, innate immunity continues to react the same way.
After repeated exposure to foreign material, innate immunity continues to react the same way.
______ with antigen fragments displayed on their surfaces are known as antigen-presenting cells (APCs).
______ with antigen fragments displayed on their surfaces are known as antigen-presenting cells (APCs).
When activated by antigen-presenting cells, helper T cells release what cytokine that activates B cells and cytotoxic T cells?
When activated by antigen-presenting cells, helper T cells release what cytokine that activates B cells and cytotoxic T cells?
Cytotoxic T cells know that a cell is infected because?
Cytotoxic T cells know that a cell is infected because?
B cells differentiate into ______, which make antibodies.
B cells differentiate into ______, which make antibodies.
The immune system responds more quickly to second exposure to an antigen because?
The immune system responds more quickly to second exposure to an antigen because?
Select all of the statements that apply to a primary response to a T-dependent antigen:
Select all of the statements that apply to a primary response to a T-dependent antigen:
Please match the antibody type to the statement that accurately describes them.
Please match the antibody type to the statement that accurately describes them.
Antibodies are made by?
Antibodies are made by?
Which of the following is the only antibody class capable of crossing the placenta?
Which of the following is the only antibody class capable of crossing the placenta?
The antibody-producing progeny of an activated B cell are called ______.
The antibody-producing progeny of an activated B cell are called ______.
There are no antigens that can stimulate B cells without T cell help.
There are no antigens that can stimulate B cells without T cell help.
T-dependent antigens?
T-dependent antigens?
Antigen-presenting cells?
Antigen-presenting cells?
All of the following cells have class II MHC receptors on their surface EXCEPT:
All of the following cells have class II MHC receptors on their surface EXCEPT:
Helper T cells?
Helper T cells?
Study Notes
Antibody Classes
- IgM: First antibody produced in primary immune response. Forms a pentamer. Activates complement through classical pathway.
- IgG: Main antibody found in blood. Only class capable of crossing the placenta. Exists as a monomer.
- IgA: Most abundant antibody class, particularly in mucosal secretions. Typically found as a dimer.
- IgE: Binds to mast cells and basophils. Plays a key role in allergic reactions and defense against parasites.
- IgD: Involved in the maturation of B lymphocytes, but its function remains largely uncharacterized.
Secondary Immune Response
- Rapid antibody production (2-4 days) upon re-exposure to an antigen.
- Primarily produces IgG or IgA without switching to other antibody types.
- Enhances binding strength of antibodies via affinity maturation.
Cytotoxic T Cells
- Responsible for mediating cell-mediated immunity, targeting infected or cancerous cells.
Antibody Function Outcomes
- Opsonization: Coating microbes with antibodies to enhance phagocytosis.
- Neutralization: Antibodies block surface receptors on pathogens, preventing host cell entry.
- Complement Activation: Immune complexes activate complement proteins, initiating inflammation and forming Membrane Attack Complexes (MACs).
- Immobilization: Antibodies prevent bacterial movement and attachment by binding to flagella or pili.
- Cross-linking: Formation of large aggregates of antibody-antigen complexes.
- Antibody-dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC): IgG marks target cells for destruction by Natural Killer (NK) cells.
Lymphocyte Development
- Immature Lymphocytes: Antigen receptors are not fully developed.
- Naive Lymphocytes: Have antigen receptors but haven't encountered an antigen.
- Activated Lymphocytes: Antigen binding and receiving proliferation signals.
- Effector Lymphocytes: Produce cytokines in response to specific antigens.
- Memory Lymphocytes: Long-lived cells that quickly respond to previously encountered antigens.
Neutralization Example
- Antibodies generated by plasma cells neutralize enveloped viruses, blocking their entry into cells.
Importance of IgM
- IgM is especially effective for cross-linking due to its pentameric structure.
Vulnerabilities of Immune Response
- Compromised cell-mediated immunity increases susceptibility to viral infections.
- Compromised humoral immunity results in decreased antibody production.
Adaptive Immune Response
- Adaptive immunity enables memory for previously encountered antigens, enhancing response speed upon re-exposure.
Antigen-presenting Cells (APCs)
- Macrophages present antigen fragments for recognition by T cells.
Helper T Cells
- Activated by APCs, they release interleukin-2 to stimulate B cells and cytotoxic T cells.
Antigen Recognition
- Cytotoxic T cells identify infected cells via surface antigens from pathogens.
B Cell Function
- B cells differentiate into plasma cells, which are responsible for antibody production.
Memory B Cells
- Provide rapid response during subsequent exposures to the same antigen.
Primary Immune Response
- Takes 10-14 days for antibody levels to rise significantly.
- Initially produces IgM but eventually shifts to other classes through class switching.
Antibody Types and Functions
- IgG: Most prevalent in circulation.
- IgA: Key component of mucus and secretions.
- IgM: Exists as a pentamer in circulation.
- IgD: Participates in immune response development.
- IgE: Involved in allergic reactions.
Plasma Cells
- Antibodies are produced by B cells that have differentiated into plasma cells.
Antigen-stimulated B Cell Activation
- Incorrect belief that no antigens can stimulate B cells without T cell help; this statement is false.
Characteristics of T-dependent Antigens
- Typically contains protein components that require T cell assistance for B cell activation.
Class II MHC Receptors
- Cells with class II MHC receptors include professional APCs; red blood cells do not express these receptors.
Helper T Cells Role
- Integral to both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses, coordinating actions of various immune cells.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of different antibody classes with this flashcard quiz. Each card presents a matching question about the characteristics and functions of IgM, IgG, IgA, and IgE antibodies. Perfect for studying immunology concepts and preparing for exams.
