Research Midterm

A team of researchers is studying the effectiveness of a new rehabilitation program (I) on the mobility (O) of elderly patients (P) in a nursing home setting. They plan to compare it (C) to the standard rehabilitation protocol over a 6 week period (T). Which element is the comparison element?

A researcher is using the SPIDER framework. They are exploring the perspectives (E) of young adults (S) with social anxiety regarding their experiences (PI) with online therapy through semi-structured interviews (D). Which aspect focuses on the lived realities of individuals with social anxiety?

A healthcare organization is implementing a new hand hygiene protocol based on a recent study demonstrating its effectiveness in reducing hospital-acquired infections. Which best describes this approach?

A clinical team observes a high rate of falls among elderly patients on a specific ward. They formulate a question to investigate potential contributing factors. Which component is essential for formulating the clinical question?

A researcher aims to understand how patients with chronic pain perceive the effectiveness of mindfulness meditation (I) compared to traditional pain medication (C) on their quality of life (O) over a period of 3 months (T) . They will recruit participants from a local pain clinic (P). According to PICOT, which aspect specifies the individuals participating in the research?

A researcher is beginning a new study on the effectiveness of a novel therapy. What is the primary role of the literature review in this early stage?

Which of the following best describes the key difference between a primary source and a secondary source in research?

A researcher is looking for unpublished research to gain insights into emerging trends in their field. Which type of literature would be most suitable, keeping in mind the need for caution?

When using CINAHL for a literature search, a researcher wants to find articles that discuss both 'anxiety' and 'depression'. Which boolean operator should they use to narrow their search?

In the PCAS appraisal process, at which level does a researcher begin to understand the individual components and methodologies employed within a research study?

In a study examining the impact of a new teaching method on student test scores, what represents the independent variable?

A researcher is evaluating the effectiveness of a new drug by measuring patients' blood pressure before and after administering the drug. What represents the dependent variable in this scenario?

When critically appraising a research study, what key aspects are being evaluated to determine the reliability and validity of its findings?

A healthcare team is deciding on a new treatment protocol for managing a specific condition. They want to base their decision on the highest level of available evidence. According to the levels of evidence hierarchy, which type of study should they prioritize?

A clinical researcher wants to synthesize evidence for a complex intervention, but only has access to qualitative studies. What type of review would be most appropriate in this scenario, and what level of evidence does it represent?

When critically appraising a research article, which aspect primarily assesses the comprehensiveness of the data obtained in qualitative studies?

A researcher is evaluating a quantitative study. Which element should the researcher examine to ensure the reliability and validity of the data?

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a key indicator used by the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) to assess the performance of healthcare systems?

When using the SPIDER framework to refine a research question, what is the researcher primarily trying to define?

A research team is assessing the trustworthiness of a qualitative study. Which consideration would be MOST relevant to this assessment?

A researcher is developing a study on the lived experiences of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. They start by reviewing existing literature on stress, coping mechanisms, and workplace dynamics to inform their study design and interview questions. Which type of framework are they most likely developing?

A researcher aims to understand the relationship between socioeconomic status and academic achievement. They begin with established theories of social capital and cultural capital to develop specific, testable hypotheses about how these factors influence student performance. Which type of reasoning is the researcher employing?

In the ladder of abstraction, which of the following represents a move from a more concrete to a more abstract level?

A researcher observes that students who attend after-school tutoring programs tend to have higher grades. Based on this observation, the researcher concludes that after-school tutoring improves academic performance. Which type of reasoning is being used?

Which of the following best describes the primary difference between a conceptual framework and a theoretical framework in research?

A researcher is conducting a study on the effectiveness of a new teaching method in a controlled classroom setting. Over the course of the study, several students drop out due to unforeseen circumstances. Which threat to internal validity does this situation primarily exemplify?

A research team is evaluating a workplace wellness program. They find that employee participation is significantly higher when the program is implemented with strong support from upper management. Which aspect of validity is most affected by the level of management support?

In a study examining the impact of a new therapy on anxiety levels, researchers administer a pre-test to gauge initial anxiety. Participants then undergo the therapy, followed by a post-test to measure changes. If the pre-test significantly influences participants' responses on the post-test, which threat to external validity is most prominent?

Researchers are conducting a longitudinal study on the effects of a new educational program on student achievement. During the study, the school district implements a new standardized testing policy. Which threat to internal validity does the new testing policy primarily represent?

A team is studying the impact of a new exercise program on cardiovascular health. They observe that participant fitness improves simply because they are aware they are being monitored. Which form of validity is most threatened by this awareness?

A nurse with several years of experience in oncology develops a sense of what patients need even before they explicitly express it. According to the identified ways of knowing, which way of knowing is primarily demonstrated?

In a research study examining the lived experiences of patients undergoing chemotherapy, which paradigm would be most appropriate to guide the investigation, emphasizing subjective interpretations and multiple truths?

A healthcare team is debating whether to implement a new pain management protocol. Some members argue for its adoption based on clinical trial data demonstrating its effectiveness (empirical evidence). Others raise concerns about potential side effects and the ethical implications of potentially limiting access to alternative treatments. Which ways of knowing are primarily in conflict in this scenario?

Considering the relationships between 'Truth,' 'Knowledge,' and 'Belief,' which statement best describes the interplay among these concepts?

A researcher aims to study the effect of a new policy on nurses' job satisfaction. They plan to use surveys and statistical analysis to identify correlations. However, they also acknowledge that individual nurses may interpret the policy differently based on their personal experiences and social contexts. Which elements of knowledge creation are reflected in this study design?

A researcher is interested in studying the impact of a new educational program on student performance using existing data collected by the school district for accountability purposes. Which type of quantitative study is the researcher most likely conducting?

Which of the following study types focuses primarily on examining the number of existing cases of a disease within a population?

A team of researchers aims to synthesize findings from multiple studies, including both qualitative and quantitative research, to provide a more comprehensive understanding of a complex phenomenon. Which type of review would be most appropriate for this purpose?

Researchers want to determine how quickly a new infectious disease is spreading within a community. Which measure would be most informative for this purpose?

Which organization is dedicated to ensuring that reviews of healthcare interventions are of high quality, are systematic, and are trustworthy?

A researcher aims to study the impact of a new teaching method ($X$) on student test scores ($Y$). To ensure that the results are primarily due to teaching method $X$, which control measure should the researcher prioritize?

In a study examining the relationship between exercise and mood, what is the primary reason for employing randomization when assigning participants to exercise groups?

A researcher is conducting interviews to explore patients' experiences of living with a chronic illness. What type of research approach is being used?

When planning a quantitative study, which consideration primarily ensures that the outcome is due to the variable being studied and not other factors?

Which aspect of a quantitative study's design directly addresses the need to minimize bias and increase the reliability of identifying cause-effect relationships?

A researcher aims to determine the causal effect of a new teaching method on student performance. Considering ethical constraints and the need for high internal validity, which quantitative design is most appropriate?

In which scenario would a non-experimental design be MOST suitable for research?

A hospital wants to implement a new patient care protocol but cannot randomize patients to control and experimental groups. Which research design would be MOST appropriate to evaluate the effectiveness of this new protocol?

Which characteristic differentiates a quasi-experimental design from a true experimental design?

A researcher wants to comprehensively analyze existing literature on the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for treating anxiety disorders. Which methodological approach would be most appropriate?