Python Functions and Scope
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Python Functions and Scope

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Questions and Answers

What is local scope in programming?

Variables defined inside a function that are accessible only within that function.

What happens to local variables when a function finishes executing?

Their values are destroyed.

What is global scope in programming?

Variables defined outside any function that are accessible from anywhere in the program.

What keyword is used to define a function in Python?

<p>def</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the return statement in a function?

<p>To return values from functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you call a function named greet with the argument 'Alice'?

<p>print(greet('Alice'))</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of import is represented by import numpy as np?

<p>Alias import</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function is used to terminate a program immediately in Python?

<p>sys.exit()</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is a for loop typically used?

<p>When the number of iterations is known.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a while loop?

<p>It continues iterating as long as a certain condition is met.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following programming concepts with their descriptions:

<p>Function = A block of code designed to perform a task Parameter = A placeholder for values passed to a function Argument = An actual value provided to a function Exception Handling = Managing errors to prevent program crashes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Local and Global Scope

  • Variables defined within a function have local scope, meaning they are only accessible within that function.
  • Local variables are destroyed when the function execution ends.
  • Variables defined outside any function have global scope, meaning they are accessible from anywhere in the program.
  • Global variables retain their values throughout the program's execution.

Function Definition and Handling Exceptions

  • Functions are defined in Python using the def keyword, followed by the function name, parentheses for arguments (parameters), and a code block.
  • The return statement allows a function to pass back a value to the code that called it.
  • Python provides mechanisms for handling exceptions, allowing the program to continue running even if an error occurs.
  • Common types of errors include:
    • SyntaxError: Invalid syntax in the code.
    • TypeError: An operation is performed on an inappropriate data type.
    • NameError: An attempt to access a variable that doesn't exist.
    • IndexError: Trying to access an element outside the valid range of an array/list.
    • ValueError: An inappropriate value is passed to a function.
    • AttributeError: An attempt to access an attribute that does not exist.
    • ZeroDivisionError: Attempting to divide by zero.
    • ImportError: An imported module cannot be found.

Importing Modules in Python

  • Modules are collections of functions and variables that can be used in other programs.
  • import math brings in the math module, giving access to functions like sqrt and cos.
  • from math import sin, cos imports specific functions (sin and cos) from the math module.
  • import numpy as np imports the numpy module and assigns the alias np to it, making it easier to use.
  • The sys.exit() function immediately terminates the program.

def Statements and Return Values

  • def statements in Python define functions.
  • return statements send values back from the function to the code that called it.

Looping Instruments: For and While Loops

  • for loops are used when the number of iterations is known in advance.
  • while loops are used when the number of iterations is not known beforehand.
  • for loops are best for tasks where the number of times a block of code needs to run is predefined, such as processing each item in an array/list.
  • while loops are useful when a block of code needs to be run until a specific condition changes or when the number of times the code runs might need adjusting in the course of the loop.

Python Functions

  • Functions in Python allow you to create reusable code blocks.
  • They are defined using the def keyword.
  • They can take input arguments (parameters) and return output values.
  • Functions are called by using the function name followed by parentheses and any necessary arguments.
  • When you call a function, the code in the function's block is executed.

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Description

Test your understanding of local and global variables in Python, as well as function definitions and exception handling. This quiz will help reinforce key concepts in programming that are essential for effective coding. Prepare to delve into Python's error management and variable accessibility.

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