Python Data Structures Quiz

Python

• Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language.
• Interpreted language: code is executed line by line.
• Dynamically typed: data types are checked at runtime, not compile time.
• Readable syntax: emphasizes code clarity.
• Extensive libraries and frameworks for various applications.
• Widely used in web development, data science, machine learning, automation, and more.
• Excellent for beginners due to its ease of use and readability.

Data Structures

• Data structures organize and store data efficiently.
• Common data structures in Python: lists, tuples, dictionaries, sets.
• Lists: ordered, mutable sequences of items.
  • Can contain elements of different types.
  • Accessed by index (starting at 0).
  • Methods for adding, removing, and modifying elements.
• Tuples: ordered, immutable sequences of items.
  • Similar to lists but cannot be changed after creation.
  • Useful for representing fixed collections of data.
• Dictionaries: key-value pairs, unordered collection of items.
  • Keys must be immutable (e.g., strings, numbers).
  • Values can be any data type.
  • Accessed by keys.
• Sets: unordered collections of unique items.
  • Useful for membership testing and eliminating duplicates.
  • Support mathematical operations like union, intersection, etc.

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Python

• OOP is a programming paradigm that organizes software design around 'objects'.
• Objects encapsulate data (attributes) and methods (functions) that operate on that data.
• Key OOP concepts in Python:
  • Classes: blueprints for creating objects.
  • Objects (instances): specific occurrences of a class.
  • Attributes: data associated with an object.
  • Methods: functions that operate on an object's attributes.
  • Encapsulation: bundling data and methods that operate on the data within a class.
    • Helps in controlling access to data.
  • Inheritance: creating new classes (child classes) from existing ones (parent classes).
    • Child classes inherit attributes and methods from the parent.
    • Extends and builds upon existing functionalities.
  • Polymorphism: the ability of objects of different classes to respond to the same method call in their own way.
• Example demonstrating a simple class definition

class Dog:
    def __init__(self, name, breed):
        self.name = name
        self.breed = breed

    def bark(self):
        print("Woof!")

my_dog = Dog("Buddy", "Golden Retriever")
print(my_dog.name) 
my_dog.bark()

• Python supports multiple inheritance, where a class can inherit from multiple parent classes.
• Python uses special methods (e.g., __init__, __str__) to customize object behavior.
• Abstraction: creating simplified representations of complex objects, simplifying code and enhancing maintainability.