42 Questions
What is the reaction that occurs in the RBC and Muscle during high intensity training?
Reduction to lactate
What is the enzyme involved in the conversion of pyruvate to alanine?
Alanine transaminase
Where does gluconeogenesis occur?
Both in mitochondria and cytosol
What is the product of the conversion of pyruvate through oxidative decarboxylation?
Acetyl-CoA
During high oxygen consumption, what kind of phosphorylation does the body shift to?
Substrate level phosphorylation
What is the site where pyruvate carboxylase is found?
Mitochondria
What is the product of the conversion of pyruvate in anaerobic glycolysis?
Lactate
What is the reaction that occurs in gluconeogenesis where pyruvate is converted to oxaloacetate?
Carboxylation
What is the outcome of one mole of glucose in glycolysis?
Two moles of pyruvate
What is the final oxidation product of Acetyl-CoA in the citric acid cycle?
CO2 and H2O
What is the term used to describe the dual nature of the citric acid cycle?
Amphibolic
What is the fate of pyruvate in aerobic conditions?
Converted to acetyl-CoA
What is the number of coenzymes shared by α-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase?
5
What is the byproduct of the citric acid cycle?
NADH and FADH2
What is the role of the PDH multi-complex enzyme reaction?
To convert pyruvate to acetyl-CoA
What is the byproduct of the reaction catalyzed by Pyruvate Dehydrogenase?
Acetyl COA
What is the term used to describe the withdrawal of oxaloacetate for gluconeogenesis?
Anaplerotic reaction
What is the ATP yield of NADH in the electron transport chain?
2.5 ATP
What is the ATP yield of FADH2 in the electron transport chain?
1.5 ATP
What is the term used to describe a molecule that inhibits the enzyme it is supposed to be a substrate for?
Suicide substrate
What is the total ATP yield from one mole of Glucose in the TCA cycle?
10 ATP
What is the number of Acetyl COA molecules produced from one mole of Glucose?
2
What is the product formed after the formation of Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate (G3P) / Phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL) in glycolysis?
Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate (G3P)
What is the ATP yield from one mole of Glucose in Pyruvate Dehydrogenase?
5 ATP
What is the primary cause of impaired motor function in Leigh's disease?
Defect in the 3rd enzyme of the PDH multienzyme complex
What is the result of α-ketoglutarate being withdrawn from the TCA cycle?
Decreased concentration of all TCA intermediates
What is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glutamic acid to glutamine?
Glutamine synthetase
What is the consequence of low concentration of all TCA intermediates?
Decreased energy production
What is the effect of NH3 on α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in patients with hyperammonemia and advanced liver disease?
Inhibition of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
What is the normal ATP yield in one round of the TCA cycle?
10 ATPs
Why does NH3 also inhibit the pyruvate dehydrogenase in patients with hyperammonemia and advanced liver disease?
Due to their similarity in structure and function
What is the consequence of the inhibition of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase?
Decreased energy production
Which of the following inhibits PDH in a competitive fashion?
Acetyl CoA
Which reaction in the TCA cycle releases CO2?
Isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate
Which TCA intermediate is formed in the substrate level phosphorylation?
Succinyl-CoA
How many ATPs are synthesized in one cycle of TCA?
32
What is the net ATP yield in the complete oxidation of 1 mole of glucose to CO2 and water in skeletal muscle?
32
Which TCA intermediate is replenished by the major anaplerotic enzyme?
Oxaloacetate
What is the byproduct of the glycerol phosphate shuttle?
FADH2
What is the effect of excess ATP on the TCA cycle?
Inhibition
Which of the following is an inhibitor of citrate synthase?
Succinyl-CoA
What is the role of the anaplerotic enzyme in the TCA cycle?
To replenish Oxaloacetate
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