Pulmonary Circulation and Blood Volume
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of the blood volume circulates in the systemic circulation?

  • 64%
  • 16%
  • 84% (correct)
  • 46%

    • What is the main function of pulmonary arteries?

  • Carrying oxygenated blood to the lungs
  • Carrying oxygenated blood to the heart
  • Carrying deoxygenated blood to the heart
  • Carrying deoxygenated blood to the lungs (correct)

    • What percentage of the blood volume is in the small veins?

  • 46% (correct)
  • 18%
  • 64%
  • 84%

    • What carries freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart?

    <p>Pulmonary veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of blood volume that circulates in the pulmonary circulation?

    <p>16%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the blood volume is in the large veins?

    <p>18%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that occurs in the lungs in the pulmonary circulation?

    <p>Gas exchange, releasing CO and acquiring oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the system that carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart?

    <p>Venous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of blood flowing back to the heart?

    <p>Venous return</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of muscular arteries?

    <p>To regulate vasoconstriction and vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic that limits the ability of muscular arteries to expand?

    <p>A decrease in the quantity of elastic fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the gradual transition from elastic to muscular arteries?

    <p>Gradual transition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for muscular arteries?

    <p>Distributing arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average diameter of arterioles?

    <p>30 um</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of arterioles?

    <p>To slow down or resist blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the tunica media in arterioles?

    <p>Restricted to one or two smooth muscle cell layers in thickness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal state of the muscle fibers in arterioles?

    <p>Slightly contracted, maintaining a consistent muscle tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe arterioles?

    <p>Resistance vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an increase in sympathetic activity on SVR?

    <p>Increase in SVR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a decrease in vagal activity on cardiac output?

    <p>Increase in cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an increase in cardiac output and SVR on arterial pressure?

    <p>Increase in arterial pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased BP on baroreceptors?

    <p>Stimulation of baroreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of Bainbridge Reflex on heart rate?

    <p>Increase in heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Baroreceptor Reflex on heart rate?

    <p>Decrease in heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of transfusion/infusion on heart rate?

    <p>Balance of increase and decrease in heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is more likely to exhibit Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia?

    <p>Children only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to heart rate during inspiration in Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of blood flow in venous return?

    <p>From the periphery to the right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to elastin in veins with age?

    <p>It is replaced by collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased venous return on diastolic volume?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of sympathetic activation of veins on venous compliance?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased preload on cardiac output?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force that stretches the cardiac muscle prior to contraction?

    <p>Preload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which an increase in preload increases cardiac output?

    <p>Frank-Starling mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of decreased venous compliance on central venous pressure?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors affects changes in venous return?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

    <p>Exchanging gasses and substances with surrounding cells and tissue fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the velocity and lateral pressure of blood as it travels from the arterial system to the capillaries?

    <p>Velocity decreases, and lateral pressure increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the representative of the level of your right atrium?

    <p>Sternal angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average vertical distance added to the distance between the sternal angle and the point of vein collapse?

    <p>5 centimeters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correlation of the A wave in the CVP measurement?

    <p>P wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correlation of the C wave in the CVP measurement?

    <p>End of the QRS complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correlation of the V wave in the CVP measurement?

    <p>End of the T wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many descending waves are present in the CVP measurement?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the position of the patient during CVP estimation by PE?

    <p>Semi-recumbent 45-degree position</p> Signup and view all the answers

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