Pulmonary Circulation and Blood Volume

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What percentage of the blood volume circulates in the systemic circulation?

64%

16%

84% (correct)

46%

What is the main function of pulmonary arteries?

Carrying oxygenated blood to the lungs

Carrying oxygenated blood to the heart

Carrying deoxygenated blood to the heart

Carrying deoxygenated blood to the lungs (correct)

What percentage of the blood volume is in the small veins?

46% (correct)

18%

64%

84%

What carries freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart?

Pulmonary veins Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of blood volume that circulates in the pulmonary circulation?

16% Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the blood volume is in the large veins?

18% Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that occurs in the lungs in the pulmonary circulation?

Gas exchange, releasing CO and acquiring oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the system that carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart?

Venous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of blood flowing back to the heart?

Venous return Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of muscular arteries?

To regulate vasoconstriction and vasodilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic that limits the ability of muscular arteries to expand?

A decrease in the quantity of elastic fibers Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the gradual transition from elastic to muscular arteries?

Gradual transition Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for muscular arteries?

Distributing arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the average diameter of arterioles?

30 um Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of arterioles?

To slow down or resist blood flow Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the tunica media in arterioles?

Restricted to one or two smooth muscle cell layers in thickness Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal state of the muscle fibers in arterioles?

Slightly contracted, maintaining a consistent muscle tone Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe arterioles?

Resistance vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of an increase in sympathetic activity on SVR?

Increase in SVR Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a decrease in vagal activity on cardiac output?

Increase in cardiac output Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of an increase in cardiac output and SVR on arterial pressure?

Increase in arterial pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased BP on baroreceptors?

Stimulation of baroreceptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of Bainbridge Reflex on heart rate?

Increase in heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Baroreceptor Reflex on heart rate?

Decrease in heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of transfusion/infusion on heart rate?

Balance of increase and decrease in heart rate Signup and view all the answers

Who is more likely to exhibit Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia?

Children only Signup and view all the answers

What happens to heart rate during inspiration in Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia?

Increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of blood flow in venous return?

From the periphery to the right atrium Signup and view all the answers

What happens to elastin in veins with age?

It is replaced by collagen Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased venous return on diastolic volume?

It increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of sympathetic activation of veins on venous compliance?

It decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased preload on cardiac output?

It increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the force that stretches the cardiac muscle prior to contraction?

Preload Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which an increase in preload increases cardiac output?

Frank-Starling mechanism Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of decreased venous compliance on central venous pressure?

It increases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors affects changes in venous return?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

Exchanging gasses and substances with surrounding cells and tissue fluid Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the velocity and lateral pressure of blood as it travels from the arterial system to the capillaries?

Velocity decreases, and lateral pressure increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the representative of the level of your right atrium?

Sternal angle Signup and view all the answers

Pulmonary Circulation and Blood Volume

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of the blood volume circulates in the systemic circulation?

What is the main function of pulmonary arteries?

What percentage of the blood volume is in the small veins?

What carries freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart?

What is the percentage of blood volume that circulates in the pulmonary circulation?

What percentage of the blood volume is in the large veins?

What is the process that occurs in the lungs in the pulmonary circulation?

What is the name of the system that carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart?

What is the term for the process of blood flowing back to the heart?

What is the main function of muscular arteries?

What is the characteristic that limits the ability of muscular arteries to expand?

What is the term used to describe the gradual transition from elastic to muscular arteries?

What is another name for muscular arteries?

What is the average diameter of arterioles?

What is the main function of arterioles?

What is the characteristic of the tunica media in arterioles?

What is the normal state of the muscle fibers in arterioles?

What is the term used to describe arterioles?

What is the effect of an increase in sympathetic activity on SVR?

What is the result of a decrease in vagal activity on cardiac output?

What is the effect of an increase in cardiac output and SVR on arterial pressure?

What is the effect of increased BP on baroreceptors?

What is the result of Bainbridge Reflex on heart rate?

What is the effect of Baroreceptor Reflex on heart rate?

What is the effect of transfusion/infusion on heart rate?

Who is more likely to exhibit Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia?

What happens to heart rate during inspiration in Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia?

What is the direction of blood flow in venous return?

What happens to elastin in veins with age?

What is the effect of increased venous return on diastolic volume?

What is the effect of sympathetic activation of veins on venous compliance?

What is the effect of increased preload on cardiac output?

What is the force that stretches the cardiac muscle prior to contraction?

What is the mechanism by which an increase in preload increases cardiac output?

What is the effect of decreased venous compliance on central venous pressure?

Which of the following factors affects changes in venous return?

What is the primary function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

What happens to the velocity and lateral pressure of blood as it travels from the arterial system to the capillaries?

What is the representative of the level of your right atrium?

What is the average vertical distance added to the distance between the sternal angle and the point of vein collapse?

What is the correlation of the A wave in the CVP measurement?

What is the correlation of the C wave in the CVP measurement?

What is the correlation of the V wave in the CVP measurement?

How many descending waves are present in the CVP measurement?

What is the position of the patient during CVP estimation by PE?

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