Public Speaking Module 1: Introduction
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary benefit of public speaking for education?

  • Improved research skills
  • Ability to make stronger arguments
  • Increased problem-solving abilities (correct)
  • Enhanced confidence in class participation
  • In a professional context, which benefit is MOST closely associated with the practice of public speaking?

  • Honing presentation skills (correct)
  • Becoming a better listener
  • Cultivating critical thinking skills
  • Developing problem-solving capabilities
  • What is a key distinction between delivering a speech as opposed to writing a paper?

  • Speeches are always persuasive, whereas papers are always informative.
  • Speeches involve direct audience interaction, whereas papers rely on written text. (correct)
  • Speeches solely prioritize emotional appeals, while papers are purely logical.
  • Papers require more in-depth research, whereas speeches are based on personal opinion.
  • According to the information provided, which of these is a personal benefit derived from public speaking?

    <p>Growth in self-confidence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Considering fundamental communication, what is the primary difference when comparing a speech with written communication?

    <p>Speeches require real-time adaptation to audience feedback, whereas written communication generally does not. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the definition provided, which of the following best describes the essence of miscommunication?

    <p>The sender's intent is misunderstood by the receiver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Linear Model of Communication, what is primarily emphasized?

    <p>The accurate transmission of the message signal. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model of communication describes meaning as being co-created by both communicators simultaneously?

    <p>The Transactional Model of Communication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Encoding/Decoding model, what significantly shapes how a message is both produced and interpreted?

    <p>Cultural, political, and economic contexts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which goal of speech involves forming a connection with the audience to build an emotional response?

    <p>To Entertain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a commemorative speech?

    <p>To build an emotional link between the audience and an individual, event, or occasion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element of a speech involves the speaker's method of delivery?

    <p>Delivery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is communication apprehension?

    <p>The fear of public speaking. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following contributes most directly to communication apprehension?

    <p>Uncertainty about the speech event. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy is MOST helpful for reducing communication apprehension before speaking?

    <p>Practicing in front of various types of audiences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between advocacy and civic engagement, according to the text?

    <p>Civic engagement involves speaking to oppositional views, while advocacy aims at taking action. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of those who practice 'Disinterested Deliberation'?

    <p>Engaging in polite, respectful debate at assembly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is characteristic of 'Prophetic Frame Shifting'?

    <p>Shifting a society’s values through various forms of communication. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Fair Fighting' or 'Activist' primarily involve?

    <p>Transparently acting for legal change with passionate interest. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial step in creating community change through public speaking?

    <p>Unifying your audience around a common cause. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    What is Communication?

    The act of exchanging information or ideas between two or more people.

    Benefits of Public Speaking: Education

    Public speaking helps you organize thoughts, research effectively, and present arguments clearly. These skills benefit you in school, work, and personal life.

    Benefits of Public Speaking: Career

    Public speaking can improve leadership skills, problem-solving abilities, and critical thinking. These are valuable in the workplace.

    Benefits of Public Speaking: Personal

    Public speaking can boost self-assurance and inspire others. It can help you express your ideas confidently.

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    Public Speaking vs. Writing

    Public speaking is different from writing a paper. It's about verbal delivery, audience engagement, and using visual aids to enhance understanding.

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    What is miscommunication?

    When the intended meaning of a communication does not match the way the message is interpreted.

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    What is the Linear Model of Communication?

    Communication moves linearly and one-directional: from source to destination. Emphasized transmission of the signal over the meaning of the message. Disruption of transmitted signal is called NOISE. Used by Bell in developing the telephone.

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    What is the Transactional Model of Communication?

    Communication is a two-way process. Meaning is created at multiple points within the process. Meaning is co-created simultaneously by both communicators.

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    What is the Encoding/Decoding Model?

    Cultural, political, and economic contexts influence how messages are produced and received. Decoding a message determines meaning as much as encoding. Used to analyze television discourse.

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    What is the source in the communication process?

    The person or group sending the message.

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    What is the message in the communication process?

    The information or ideas being conveyed.

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    What is the channel in the communication process?

    The means through which the message is transmitted.

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    What is feedback in the communication process?

    The receiver's response to the message.

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    What is interference in the communication process?

    Anything that interferes with the communication process.

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    What is context in the communication process?

    The surrounding environment or context that influences communication.

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    What is the goal of an informative speech?

    To overcome confusion, clarify misunderstanding, learn new information.

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    What is the goal of a persuasive speech?

    To change attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, or policy

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    What is the goal of an entertaining speech?

    To form a connection with the audience through emotion for its own sake.

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    What is the goal of a commemorative speech?

    To build an emotional connection between the audience and the person, occasion, or event.

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    Study Notes

    Public Speaking Module 1: Introduction

    • Module 1 introduces Public Speaking
    • Learning Outcomes: outline fundamental elements, skills, and goals of Public Speaking
      • Explain goals and benefits of Public Speaking
      • Recognize communication apprehension and how to reduce it
      • Explain how public speaking can create change
      • Recognize the social and historical contexts of speech, oratory, and rhetoric

    Speaking Effectively

    • Benefits of Public Speaking:
      • Education: research effectively, make stronger arguments, organize ideas, increase confidence in class participation
      • Career: be a more effective leader, develop problem-solving and critical thinking skills, hone presentation skills
      • Personal: inspire people, grow your confidence, be a better listener, become a powerful advocate

    What is Communication?

    • Communication: conveying meanings from one entity to another using understood signs, symbols, and semiotic rules
    • Miscommunication: intended meaning of a communication does not match the way the message is interpreted

    Models of Communication

    • Linear Model (Shannon 1948): communication moves linearly, source to destination, emphasizes signal transmission over meaning, disruption is called noise
    • Transactional Model (Barnlund 1970): two-way process, meaning is co-created simultaneously by communicators
    • Encoding/Decoding Model (Hall 1973): cultural, political, and economic contexts influence how messages are produced and received

    Creation of Meaning

    • Factors influencing meaning creation: communicators (encode, decode), message (verbal, nonverbal), channel (in-person, mediated), feedback (verbal, nonverbal), interference (internal noise, external noise), context (situation, relationship, setting)

    Class Discussion

    • Discuss benefits and drawbacks of communicating through various channels (in-person, phone, radio, email, TV/internet broadcast, video chat, text, social media)

    Goals of a Speech

    • To Inform: overcome confusion, clarify misunderstandings, learn new information
    • To Persuade: change attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, or policy
    • To Commemorate: form a connection with the audience through emotion to create a connection, acknowledge a person, occasion, or event
    • To Entertain: form a connection with the audience through emotion for its own sake, build an emotional connection

    Elements of a Speech

    • Elements of a speech include: content, source citations, visual aids, speaker, audience, delivery, context

    Speaking Confidently

    • Learning Outcomes:
      • Recognize communication apprehension and explain how to reduce it
      • Define communication apprehension
      • Explain causes of communication apprehension
      • Understand ways to reduce personal apprehension

    Causes of Communication Apprehension

    • Fear of failure
    • Feeling different or inferior to the audience
    • High stakes
    • Uncertainty
    • Being the center of attention

    Reducing Communication Apprehension

    • Preparation: conduct audience analysis, visit performance space, ask questions, research, prepare physically and mentally
    • Positivity: focus on the message, do vocal warm-ups, remember the goal, use positive self-talk, visualize successful delivery
    • Practice: practice the speech, practice different scenarios, practice without notes, identify strengths and weaknesses

    Speaking Powerfully

    • Learning Outcomes:
      • Describe how public speaking can be used to advocate or create change
      • Outline public speaking as advocacy or civic engagement
      • Describe how public speaking can create change in a community

    Tasks of Civic Agency

    • Disinterested Deliberation: citizens gathered in an assembly, polite and respectful debate
    • Prophetic Frame Shifting: intended to shift society's values, songs, books, signs, essays
    • Fair Fighting/Activist: transparent interest, public actor for legal change, pursues causes passionately

    Civic Engagement

    • Civic Engagement: moving beyond social circles, speaking to oppositional and undecided audiences
    • Advocacy: identifying goals, asking the audience to consider ideas, take action, find solutions, support a policy

    Creating Community Change

    • Action 1: Unify
    • Action 2: Develop Specific Calls to Action
    • Action 3: Identify who needs to hear your speech
    • Action 4: Put yourself on the agenda

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental elements and goals of public speaking as introduced in Module 1. You will explore the benefits of effective communication and the skills necessary to overcome communication apprehension. Understand how public speaking can inspire change and its significance in educational and career contexts.

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