Public Speaking - Introduction to Module PDF

Public Speaking Module 1: Introduction to Public Speaking Module Learning Outcomes Outline the fundamental elements, skills, and goals of Public Speaking 1.1: Explain the goals and benefits of public speaking 1.2: Recognize communication apprehension and explain how to reduce it 1.3:...

Public Speaking Module 1: Introduction to Public Speaking Module Learning Outcomes Outline the fundamental elements, skills, and goals of Public Speaking 1.1: Explain the goals and benefits of public speaking 1.2: Recognize communication apprehension and explain how to reduce it 1.3: Describe how public speaking can be used to advocate or create change 1.4: Recognize the social and historical contexts of speech, oratory, and rhetoric Speaking Effectively Learning Outcomes: Speaking Effectively 1.1: Explain the goals and benefits of public speaking 1.1.1: Explain the benefits of public speaking in your education, your personal life, and your career 1.1.2: Understand the process of communicating with others 1.1.3: Describe the fundamental elements of a speech 1.1.4: Identify the main differences between writing a paper and delivering a speech 1.1.5: Outline the goals of a speech Benefits of Public Speaking Education Career Personal Research Effectively Be a More Effective Leader Inspire People Make Stronger Arguments Develop Problem-Solving and Grow Your Confidence Critical Thinking Skills Organize Your Ideas Hone Presentation Skills Be a Better Listener Increase Confidence in Class Become a Powerful Advocate Participation What is Communication? Communication Defined: The act of conveying meanings from one entity or group to another using mutually understood signs, symbols, and semiotic rules Miscommunication Defined: When the intended meaning of a communication does not match the way the message is interpreted Models of Communication Linear Model of Communication (Shannon 1948) Communication moves linearly and one-directional: from source to destination Emphasized transmission of the signal over the meaning of the message Disruption of transmitted signal is called NOISE Used by Bell in developing the telephone Transactional Model of Communication (Barnlund 1970) Communication is a two-way process Meaning is created at multiple points within the process Meaning is co-created simultaneously by both communicators Encoding/Decoding Model(Hall 1973) Cultural, political, and economic contexts influence how messages are produced and received Decoding a message determines meaning as much as encoding Used to analyze television discourse Creation of Meaning Communicators Message Channel Feedback Interference Context Encode Verbal In-person Verbal Internal Noise Situation Decode Nonverbal Mediated Nonverbal External Noise Relationship Setting Class Discussion: Discuss the benefits and drawbacks of communicating through each channel In-person Phone Radio Email TV/Internet Broadcast Video Chat Text Social Media Goals of a Speech To Inform Overcome confusion, clarify misunderstanding, learn new information To Persuade Change attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, or policy To Entertain Form a connection with the audience through emotion for its own sake To Commemorate a person, occasion, or event Build an emotional connection between audience and person, occasion, or event Elements of a Speech Source Citations Visual Content Aids Context Speaker Audience Speech Delivery LO: Speaking Confidently Learning Outcomes: Speaking Confidently 1.2: Recognize communication apprehension and explain how to reduce it 1.2.1: Define communication apprehension 1.2.2: Explain what causes communication apprehension 1.2.3: Understand ways to reduce your own apprehension Causes of Communication Apprehension Fear of Failure Feeling Different or Inferior to the Audience High Stakes Uncertainty Being the Center of Attention Reducing Communication Apprehension Preparation Positivity Practice Conduct Audience Analysis Focus on message, not yourself Talk through your speech until you are familiar with it Visit performance space to learn A/V Do vocal warm-ups, breathing Practice the same way you will setup, acoustics, and room layout exercises, and physical relaxers deliver your speech Ask questions about expectations, Remember the audience wants you Practice in chunks before doing full logistics to do well run-throughs Research topic thoroughly Use positive self-talk Practice in front of many different types of audiences Prepare physically and mentally Visualize your speech going well Time every run-through Prepare and practice using speaking Practice without any speaking notes notes Identify your own strengths and weaknesses Speaking Powerfully Learning Outcomes: Speaking Powerfully 1.3: Describe how public speaking can be used to advocate or create change 1.3.1: Outline public speaking as a form of advocacy or civic engagement 1.3.2: Describe how public speaking can create change in a community  3 Tasks of Civic Agency The Ideal civic agent carries out all 3 of tasks: Disinterested Deliberation Citizens gathered in an assembly Polite and respectful discourse and debate Prophetic frame shifting: Intended to shift a society’s values Songs, books, signs, essays, speeches Fair Fighting/Activist Transparent interest Public actor for legal change Pursues cause passionately Civic Engagement Civic Engagement: Move beyond social circles Speak to oppositional and undecided audiences Advocacy: Identify what you hope to accomplish Ask audience to consider our ideas, take action, find solutions, support a policy Civic Agency Disinterested Prophetic Fair Fighting Discourse Frame Shifting Activist Civic Engagement Advocacy Creating Community Change Action 1: Unify Action 2: Develop Specific Calls to Action Action 3: Identify who needs to hear your speech Action 4: Put yourself on the agenda Make yourself Identify heard audience Specific Calls to Unify Action