Podcast
Questions and Answers
When your textbook describes public speaking as a form of empowerment, what does it mean?
When your textbook describes public speaking as a form of empowerment, what does it mean?
A way to make a difference in something we care about.
What does the term 'channel' refer to in the speech communication process?
What does the term 'channel' refer to in the speech communication process?
The means by which a message is communicated.
Everything a speaker says is filtered through a listener's what?
Everything a speaker says is filtered through a listener's what?
Frame of reference.
Coughing during a speech is an example of what?
Coughing during a speech is an example of what?
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Speechmaking is a form of power and therefore carries with it heavy _____ responsibilities.
Speechmaking is a form of power and therefore carries with it heavy _____ responsibilities.
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What branch of philosophy deals with human issues of right and wrong?
What branch of philosophy deals with human issues of right and wrong?
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What are guidelines for ethical speechmaking?
What are guidelines for ethical speechmaking?
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What are name-calling and other forms of abusive language considered?
What are name-calling and other forms of abusive language considered?
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What are the three types of plagiarism?
What are the three types of plagiarism?
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How can you steer clear away from plagiarism?
How can you steer clear away from plagiarism?
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What are guidelines for ethical listening?
What are guidelines for ethical listening?
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What is a common mistake when developing your first speech?
What is a common mistake when developing your first speech?
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What is appropriate when using humor in a public speech?
What is appropriate when using humor in a public speech?
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For developing your first speech, you should find ways to?
For developing your first speech, you should find ways to?
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What are the three main parts of a speech?
What are the three main parts of a speech?
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What is the first thing a speaker needs to do?
What is the first thing a speaker needs to do?
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What is the term for a sentence or two that lets the audience know a speaker has finished?
What is the term for a sentence or two that lets the audience know a speaker has finished?
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When you use the ______ method of delivery, you become so familiar with the substance of your speech that you need only a few flash cards.
When you use the ______ method of delivery, you become so familiar with the substance of your speech that you need only a few flash cards.
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When delivering a speech, what should you make an effort to do?
When delivering a speech, what should you make an effort to do?
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Brainstorming is especially helpful when you are having trouble ______.
Brainstorming is especially helpful when you are having trouble ______.
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What is the next step of speech preparation after choosing a topic?
What is the next step of speech preparation after choosing a topic?
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When the general purpose of your speech is to ____, you act primarily as a teacher or lecturer.
When the general purpose of your speech is to ____, you act primarily as a teacher or lecturer.
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When the general purpose of your speech is to ____, you act primarily as an advocate.
When the general purpose of your speech is to ____, you act primarily as an advocate.
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The _________ expresses precisely what you hope to accomplish with your speech.
The _________ expresses precisely what you hope to accomplish with your speech.
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"To inform my audience about the history of the Super Bowl" is an example of a ______.
"To inform my audience about the history of the Super Bowl" is an example of a ______.
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"To explain how to write an effective job resume" is a poorly phrased specific purpose statement because it ___________.
"To explain how to write an effective job resume" is a poorly phrased specific purpose statement because it ___________.
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"To persuade my audience to volunteer regularly in their community and to join the Peace Corps after college" is a poor specific purpose because _____________.
"To persuade my audience to volunteer regularly in their community and to join the Peace Corps after college" is a poor specific purpose because _____________.
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As a specific purpose statement, "to inform my audience about climate change" is too ________.
As a specific purpose statement, "to inform my audience about climate change" is too ________.
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The _______ is a one sentence statement that sums up the major ideas of a speech.
The _______ is a one sentence statement that sums up the major ideas of a speech.
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The primary purpose of speechmaking is to ________.
The primary purpose of speechmaking is to ________.
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What does audience-centeredness mean in public speaking?
What does audience-centeredness mean in public speaking?
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What does it mean that audiences are egocentric?
What does it mean that audiences are egocentric?
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What are two types of audience analysis discussed?
What are two types of audience analysis discussed?
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What is an example of a demographic characteristic of a speech?
What is an example of a demographic characteristic of a speech?
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What is an example of a situational characteristic of a speech?
What is an example of a situational characteristic of a speech?
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What is a factor in situational audience analysis?
What is a factor in situational audience analysis?
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As the size of the audience increases, so should ______.
As the size of the audience increases, so should ______.
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What is an advantage of visual aids?
What is an advantage of visual aids?
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What visual aid would you use to discuss statistical trends in a speech?
What visual aid would you use to discuss statistical trends in a speech?
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What type of graph is best suited for showing comparisons between two or more items?
What type of graph is best suited for showing comparisons between two or more items?
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If giving a speech about karate moves, what visual aid would you use?
If giving a speech about karate moves, what visual aid would you use?
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When choosing PowerPoint fonts, what should you not do?
When choosing PowerPoint fonts, what should you not do?
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When using a visual aid in a speech, what should you do?
When using a visual aid in a speech, what should you do?
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Visual aids are most effective when they are displayed _________.
Visual aids are most effective when they are displayed _________.
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What is good speech delivery characterized by?
What is good speech delivery characterized by?
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Communication based on a speaker's body and voice, rather than on the use of words, is called?
Communication based on a speaker's body and voice, rather than on the use of words, is called?
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What type of delivery would a political candidate use?
What type of delivery would a political candidate use?
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What type of speaker delivers a speech with little or no immediate preparation?
What type of speaker delivers a speech with little or no immediate preparation?
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What is an advantage of an extemporaneous speech?
What is an advantage of an extemporaneous speech?
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What does 'conversational quality' in a speech delivery mean?
What does 'conversational quality' in a speech delivery mean?
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What does inflection refer to?
What does inflection refer to?
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"Uh", "er", "um" are referred to as?
"Uh", "er", "um" are referred to as?
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What does articulation refer to?
What does articulation refer to?
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What is the study of body motions as a form of communication called?
What is the study of body motions as a form of communication called?
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The library catalogue does what?
The library catalogue does what?
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Encyclopedias, yearbooks, and quotation books are all examples of what?
Encyclopedias, yearbooks, and quotation books are all examples of what?
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What is a research aid that catalogues articles from a large number of scholarly journals called?
What is a research aid that catalogues articles from a large number of scholarly journals called?
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What are academic databases the best place to look for?
What are academic databases the best place to look for?
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What is a virtual library?
What is a virtual library?
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What are three criteria for assessing the soundness of documents found on the internet?
What are three criteria for assessing the soundness of documents found on the internet?
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If an Internet document identifies its author but says nothing about his/her qualifications, what should you do?
If an Internet document identifies its author but says nothing about his/her qualifications, what should you do?
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What is the most important task when preparing to conduct a research interview?
What is the most important task when preparing to conduct a research interview?
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When taking research notes, what should you do?
When taking research notes, what should you do?
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What does the preliminary bibliography do?
What does the preliminary bibliography do?
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What is the best way to pull listeners into your speeches?
What is the best way to pull listeners into your speeches?
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What is an example of using a hypothetical question?
What is an example of using a hypothetical question?
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How do examples help a speaker?
How do examples help a speaker?
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The impact of examples is greatly enhanced when they are combined with what?
The impact of examples is greatly enhanced when they are combined with what?
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What is the main value of using statistics in a speech?
What is the main value of using statistics in a speech?
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What is a good way to clarify statistical trends?
What is a good way to clarify statistical trends?
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If you quoted a Harvard business professor on business school, what type of testimony would you be using?
If you quoted a Harvard business professor on business school, what type of testimony would you be using?
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How does language help shape our sense of reality?
How does language help shape our sense of reality?
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What is the denotative meaning of a word?
What is the denotative meaning of a word?
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What is the connotative meaning of a word?
What is the connotative meaning of a word?
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You would probably use more connotative words if you wanted to?
You would probably use more connotative words if you wanted to?
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________ words refer to ideas or concepts rather than to tangible objects.
________ words refer to ideas or concepts rather than to tangible objects.
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Which word is the most general and abstract?
Which word is the most general and abstract?
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Which word is the most concrete and specific?
Which word is the most concrete and specific?
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To use language vividly, speakers should employ?
To use language vividly, speakers should employ?
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What does the phrase, "In Italy, each meal is a journey, with fascinating destinations along the way," exemplify?
What does the phrase, "In Italy, each meal is a journey, with fascinating destinations along the way," exemplify?
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How does repetition in a speech help?
How does repetition in a speech help?
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"We will be candid, consistent, and confident." is an example of?
"We will be candid, consistent, and confident." is an example of?
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The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, usually with a parallel structure is called?
The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, usually with a parallel structure is called?
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Use repetition and parallelism to enhance the ______ of your speech.
Use repetition and parallelism to enhance the ______ of your speech.
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"A voter without a ballot is like a soldier without a bullet" is an example of?
"A voter without a ballot is like a soldier without a bullet" is an example of?
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What are guidelines for the use of inclusive language in public speaking?
What are guidelines for the use of inclusive language in public speaking?
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What isn't a basic criterion for the effective use of language in public speaking?
What isn't a basic criterion for the effective use of language in public speaking?
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What is a basic criterion for the effective use of language in public speaking?
What is a basic criterion for the effective use of language in public speaking?
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Study Notes
Public Speaking and Empowerment
- Public speaking empowers individuals to influence matters they care about and create change.
Communication Process
- The channel in speech communication is the method through which messages are conveyed.
Listener Perspective
- A speaker's message is interpreted through the listener's unique frame of reference.
Interference
- Coughing during a speech exemplifies interference that disrupts communication.
Ethical Considerations
- Speechmaking involves ethical responsibilities due to its power to influence.
Understanding Ethics
- Ethics is the philosophical branch addressing human rights and moral dilemmas.
Ethical Speechmaking Guidelines
- Effective ethical speechmaking requires applying ethical principles and considering the audience's perspective.
Abusive Language
- Name-calling and derogatory language diminish personal dignity and respect.
Plagiarism Types
- Three forms of plagiarism include global, patchwork, and incremental.
Avoiding Plagiarism
- It’s crucial to cite sources for all quotations and paraphrased content to avoid plagiarism.
Ethical Listening
- Guidelines for ethical listening include allowing open and free expression of ideas.
Speech Development Mistakes
- A common error in speech preparation is attempting to cover too many topics.
Humor in Speeches
- Humor should be used carefully, focusing on light-hearted observations of human behavior.
Speech Characteristics
- A speech consists of three primary sections: introduction, body, and conclusion.
Engaging the Audience
- Capturing audience interest is the foremost task for any speaker.
Transitions in Speeches
- A transition sentence signals the conclusion of a speech.
Delivery Method
- The extemporaneous delivery involves becoming well-acquainted with the speech content, needing minimal prompts.
Effective Speech Delivery
- Key aspects of delivery include maintaining eye contact, using an expressive voice, and avoiding distracting habits.
Brainstorming Topics
- Brainstorming effectively assists in choosing a specific topic for a speech.
Steps for Speech Preparation
- Following topic selection, determine the general purpose of the speech.
General Purpose: Inform
- The purpose to inform positions the speaker as an educator or lecturer.
General Purpose: Persuade
- When the aim is to persuade, the speaker acts as an advocate for a viewpoint.
Specific Purpose Clarity
- The specific purpose articulates the exact goal for the speech.
Example of a Specific Purpose
- "To inform my audience about the history of the Super Bowl" serves as a precise specific purpose.
Poorly Phrased Specific Purpose
- "To explain how to write an effective job resume" lacks audience reference and clarity.
Distinct Ideas in Purpose Statements
- A specific purpose like "to persuade my audience to volunteer" is overly complex, containing multiple ideas.
Broad Specific Purpose Statements
- A specific purpose like "to inform my audience about climate change" is too broad to be effective.
Central Idea of a Speech
- The central idea encapsulates the major messages of the speech in one sentence.
Desired Response
- The primary goal of speechmaking is to elicit a targeted response from the audience.
Audience-Centeredness
- Public speakers should focus on the audience's needs and perspectives for effective communication.
Egocentric Audiences
- Audiences interpret messages based on their own existing beliefs and knowledge.
Types of Audience Analysis
- Types include demographic analysis and situational analysis.
Demographic Characteristics Example
- Cultural background is a key demographic characteristic to consider.
Situational Characteristics Example
- The size of the audience serves as an important situational characteristic.
Audience Attitude
- A crucial factor in situational audience analysis is the audience's attitude toward the topic.
Formality with Audience Size
- Increased audience size necessitates a more formal approach to delivery.
Benefits of Visual Aids
- Visual aids enhance the clarity and understanding of the speaker's message.
Graphs for Statistical Trends
- Graphs serve effectively to illustrate statistical trends in presentations.
Bar Graphs
- Bar graphs are particularly suited for comparing multiple variables.
Demonstrating Actions
- For discussions on physical moves, using one's self as a visual aid is effective.
Choosing PowerPoint Fonts
- Avoid using all capital letters and excessive fonts in presentations for clarity.
Practicing with Visual Aids
- Rehearse with visual aids to ensure smooth integration during the speech.
Visual Aid Timing
- Visuals should be displayed only during relevant parts of the speech.
Conversational Quality in Delivery
- Good delivery maintains a conversational tone, making it more engaging.
Nonverbal Communication
- Nonverbal communication includes body language and vocal tone rather than just words.
Types of Speech Delivery
- Political candidates often use manuscript delivery for precision.
Impromptu Speaking
- Impromptu speakers present with minimal preparation.
Extemporaneous Speech Advantage
- Extemporaneous speaking improves articulation and fluency for complex topics.
Conversational Quality Definition
- Speeches should sound spontaneous even if rehearsed to maintain audience engagement.
Vocal Inflection
- Inflection involves variations in the speaker's voice pitch for emphasis.
Vocalized Pauses
- Terms like "uh", "er", and "um" refer to vocalized pauses, which should be minimized.
Articulation
- Clear and distinct articulation helps ensure speech sounds are easily understood.
Kinetics
- Kinetics refers to the study of body movements as a communication form.
Library Catalogues
- Library catalogues compile resources including books and periodicals housed within.
Reference Works
- Encyclopedias, yearbooks, and quotation books serve as key reference resources.
Academic Databases
- Academic databases catalog articles from various scholarly journals, aiding research.
Quality Internet Research
- Evaluate documents for authorship, sponsorship, and recency when researching online.
Author Qualification Checks
- If an author's qualifications are unclear, perform an online search to verify credibility.
Research Interview Preparation
- Preparing questions is crucial for effective research interviews.
Note-Taking Techniques
- When taking research notes, differentiate between direct quotes, paraphrases, and personal ideas.
Preliminary Bibliography Purpose
- The preliminary bibliography compiles potentially helpful sources for research.
Using Statistics Effectively
- Statistics are powerful tools for engaging listeners and enhancing speech credibility.
Enhancing Examples with Statistics
- Combine examples with statistics for greater impact and relatability.
Quantifying Ideas with Statistics
- Statistics serve to quantify and lend support to speakers' ideas.
Clarifying Statistical Trends
- Presenting statistics through visual aids can clarify complex data.
Expert Testimony
- Citing an authority, like a Harvard business professor, provides credibility through expert testimony.
Language and Reality
- Language shapes perceptions by giving meaning to events and ideas.
Denotative Meaning
- The denotative meaning of a word reflects its literal definition.
Connotative Meaning
- The connotative meaning conveys the emotions or associations a word evokes.
Evoking Emotions with Language
- Utilize more connotative language to provoke emotional responses from the audience.
Abstract vs. Concrete Words
- Abstract words signify ideas, while concrete words refer to tangible objects, such as "writing" versus "aspirin."
Vivid Language Techniques
- Employ imagery and rhythm to enhance vividness in speech.
Metaphors in Speech
- Creative metaphors offer imaginative comparisons, enhancing audience engagement.
Repetition Benefits
- Repetition reinforces core ideas and creates a compelling speech cadence.
Alliteration Example
- Phrases such as "We will be candid, consistent, and confident" demonstrate alliteration's rhythmic effect.
Antithesis Definition
- Antithesis juxtaposes contrasting ideas within a parallel structure for dramatic effect.
Enhancing Speech Rhythm
- Use repetition and parallelism to create rhythmic flow in speeches.
Simile and Parallelism
- Comparisons like "A voter without a ballot is like a soldier without a bullet" blend simile with parallelism for emphasis.
Inclusive Language Guidelines
- Avoid gender stereotyping in occupational titles and social roles to promote inclusivity in speech.
Language Effectiveness Criteria
- Effective public speaking requires clarity and vividness, rather than technical language use.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts of public speaking with these flashcards designed for the CAS Final exam of 2017. Each card provides a definition to essential terms and ideas that empower speakers to communicate effectively. Perfect for revision before your final assessments!
