Public Speaking Final 2017: Quiz & Flashcards

Questions and Answers

When your textbook describes public speaking as a form of empowerment, what does it mean?

A way to make a difference in something we care about.

What does the term 'channel' refer to in the speech communication process?

The means by which a message is communicated.

Everything a speaker says is filtered through a listener's what?

Frame of reference.

Coughing during a speech is an example of what?

Interference. Signup and view all the answers

Speechmaking is a form of power and therefore carries with it heavy _____ responsibilities.

Ethical. Signup and view all the answers

What branch of philosophy deals with human issues of right and wrong?

Ethics. Signup and view all the answers

What are guidelines for ethical speechmaking?

Put ethical principles into practice and adapt to frame of reference. Signup and view all the answers

What are name-calling and other forms of abusive language considered?

Demeaning to personal dignity of groups of individuals. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of plagiarism?

Global, patchwork, incremental. Signup and view all the answers

How can you steer clear away from plagiarism?

Cite the sources of all quotations and paraphrase. Signup and view all the answers

What are guidelines for ethical listening?

Maintaining free and open expression of ideas. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common mistake when developing your first speech?

Trying to cover too much. Signup and view all the answers

What is appropriate when using humor in a public speech?

Gently making fun of common human quirks. Signup and view all the answers

For developing your first speech, you should find ways to?

Make the speech mysterious and use colorful language. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main parts of a speech?

Introduction, body, conclusion. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first thing a speaker needs to do?

Get the interest and attention of the audience. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a sentence or two that lets the audience know a speaker has finished?

Transition. Signup and view all the answers

When you use the ______ method of delivery, you become so familiar with the substance of your speech that you need only a few flash cards.

Extemporaneous. Signup and view all the answers

When delivering a speech, what should you make an effort to do?

Maintain eye contact, use voice expressively, avoid distracting mannerisms. Signup and view all the answers

Brainstorming is especially helpful when you are having trouble ______.

Choosing a specific topic. Signup and view all the answers

What is the next step of speech preparation after choosing a topic?

Determining the general purpose. Signup and view all the answers

When the general purpose of your speech is to ____, you act primarily as a teacher or lecturer.

Inform. Signup and view all the answers

When the general purpose of your speech is to ____, you act primarily as an advocate.

Persuade. Signup and view all the answers

The _________ expresses precisely what you hope to accomplish with your speech.

Specific purpose. Signup and view all the answers

"To inform my audience about the history of the Super Bowl" is an example of a ______.

Specific purpose. Signup and view all the answers

"To explain how to write an effective job resume" is a poorly phrased specific purpose statement because it ___________.

Does not include a reference to the audience. Signup and view all the answers

"To persuade my audience to volunteer regularly in their community and to join the Peace Corps after college" is a poor specific purpose because _____________.

Contains more than one distinct idea. Signup and view all the answers

As a specific purpose statement, "to inform my audience about climate change" is too ________.

Broad. Signup and view all the answers

The _______ is a one sentence statement that sums up the major ideas of a speech.

Central idea. Signup and view all the answers

The primary purpose of speechmaking is to ________.

Gain a desired response from listeners. Signup and view all the answers

What does audience-centeredness mean in public speaking?

Public speakers should keep the audience foremost in mind. Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean that audiences are egocentric?

Listeners interpret what you say on the basis of what they know and believe. Signup and view all the answers

What are two types of audience analysis discussed?

Demographic and situational. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a demographic characteristic of a speech?

Cultural background. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a situational characteristic of a speech?

Size. Signup and view all the answers

What is a factor in situational audience analysis?

Audience's attitude toward the topic. Signup and view all the answers

As the size of the audience increases, so should ______.

Formal. Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of visual aids?

They enhance clarity of speaker's message. Signup and view all the answers

What visual aid would you use to discuss statistical trends in a speech?

A graph. Signup and view all the answers

What type of graph is best suited for showing comparisons between two or more items?

Bar. Signup and view all the answers

If giving a speech about karate moves, what visual aid would you use?

Yourself. Signup and view all the answers

When choosing PowerPoint fonts, what should you not do?

Use capital letters or a minimum of four fonts. Signup and view all the answers

When using a visual aid in a speech, what should you do?

Practice with the aids when rehearsing. Signup and view all the answers

Visual aids are most effective when they are displayed _________.

Only while the speaker is discussing them. Signup and view all the answers

What is good speech delivery characterized by?

Sounds conversational. Signup and view all the answers

Communication based on a speaker's body and voice, rather than on the use of words, is called?

Nonverbal communication. Signup and view all the answers

What type of delivery would a political candidate use?

Manuscript. Signup and view all the answers

What type of speaker delivers a speech with little or no immediate preparation?

Impromptu. Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of an extemporaneous speech?

Improves a speaker's ability to articulate difficult words correctly. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'conversational quality' in a speech delivery mean?

Sounds spontaneous even though it has been rehearsed. Signup and view all the answers

What does inflection refer to?

Changes in the pitch of a speaker's voice. Signup and view all the answers

"Uh", "er", "um" are referred to as?

Vocalized pauses. Signup and view all the answers

What does articulation refer to?

Forming particular speech sounds crisply and distinctly. Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of body motions as a form of communication called?

Kinetics. Signup and view all the answers

The library catalogue does what?

Lists all the books, periodicals, and other resources owned by the library. Signup and view all the answers

Encyclopedias, yearbooks, and quotation books are all examples of what?

Reference works. Signup and view all the answers

What is a research aid that catalogues articles from a large number of scholarly journals called?

Academic database. Signup and view all the answers

What are academic databases the best place to look for?

Articles in scholarly journals. Signup and view all the answers

What is a virtual library?

A search engine that screens resources for quality and reliability. Signup and view all the answers

What are three criteria for assessing the soundness of documents found on the internet?

Authorship, sponsorship, and recency. Signup and view all the answers

If an Internet document identifies its author but says nothing about his/her qualifications, what should you do?

Type the author's name into the Google search box. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important task when preparing to conduct a research interview?

Devising questions to ask during the interview. Signup and view all the answers

When taking research notes, what should you do?

Distinguish among questions, paraphrases, and your own ideas. Signup and view all the answers

What does the preliminary bibliography do?

Lists each source that looks helpful. Signup and view all the answers

What is the best way to pull listeners into your speeches?

Using statistics. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of using a hypothetical question?

Follow them with statistics or testimony to show that they are not atypical. Signup and view all the answers

How do examples help a speaker?

Reinforce and personalize ideas. Signup and view all the answers

The impact of examples is greatly enhanced when they are combined with what?

Statistics. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main value of using statistics in a speech?

Quantify the speaker's ideas. Signup and view all the answers

What is a good way to clarify statistical trends?

Use visual aids when presenting statistics. Signup and view all the answers

If you quoted a Harvard business professor on business school, what type of testimony would you be using?

Expert. Signup and view all the answers

How does language help shape our sense of reality?

Giving meaning to events. Signup and view all the answers

What is the denotative meaning of a word?

Its literal or dictionary meaning. Signup and view all the answers

What is the connotative meaning of a word?

What the word suggests or implies. Signup and view all the answers

You would probably use more connotative words if you wanted to?

Elicit an emotional response. Signup and view all the answers

________ words refer to ideas or concepts rather than to tangible objects.

Abstract. Signup and view all the answers

Which word is the most general and abstract?

Writing. Signup and view all the answers

Which word is the most concrete and specific?

Aspirin. Signup and view all the answers

To use language vividly, speakers should employ?

Imagery and rhythm. Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase, "In Italy, each meal is a journey, with fascinating destinations along the way," exemplify?

Metaphor. Signup and view all the answers

How does repetition in a speech help?

Reinforce ideas and build a strong cadence. Signup and view all the answers

"We will be candid, consistent, and confident." is an example of?

Alliteration. Signup and view all the answers

The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, usually with a parallel structure is called?

Antithesis. Signup and view all the answers

Use repetition and parallelism to enhance the ______ of your speech.

Rhythm. Signup and view all the answers

"A voter without a ballot is like a soldier without a bullet" is an example of?

Simile and parallelism. Signup and view all the answers

What are guidelines for the use of inclusive language in public speaking?

Avoiding stereotyping jobs and social roles by gender. Signup and view all the answers

What isn't a basic criterion for the effective use of language in public speaking?

Using language technically. Signup and view all the answers

What is a basic criterion for the effective use of language in public speaking?

Using language clearly and vividly. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Public Speaking and Empowerment

Public speaking empowers individuals to influence matters they care about and create change.

Communication Process

The channel in speech communication is the method through which messages are conveyed.

Listener Perspective

A speaker's message is interpreted through the listener's unique frame of reference.

Interference

Coughing during a speech exemplifies interference that disrupts communication.

Ethical Considerations

Speechmaking involves ethical responsibilities due to its power to influence.

Understanding Ethics

Ethics is the philosophical branch addressing human rights and moral dilemmas.

Ethical Speechmaking Guidelines

Effective ethical speechmaking requires applying ethical principles and considering the audience's perspective.

Abusive Language

Name-calling and derogatory language diminish personal dignity and respect.

Plagiarism Types

Three forms of plagiarism include global, patchwork, and incremental.

Avoiding Plagiarism

It’s crucial to cite sources for all quotations and paraphrased content to avoid plagiarism.

Ethical Listening

Guidelines for ethical listening include allowing open and free expression of ideas.

Speech Development Mistakes

A common error in speech preparation is attempting to cover too many topics.

Humor in Speeches

Humor should be used carefully, focusing on light-hearted observations of human behavior.

Speech Characteristics

A speech consists of three primary sections: introduction, body, and conclusion.

Engaging the Audience

Capturing audience interest is the foremost task for any speaker.

Transitions in Speeches

A transition sentence signals the conclusion of a speech.

Delivery Method

The extemporaneous delivery involves becoming well-acquainted with the speech content, needing minimal prompts.

Effective Speech Delivery

Key aspects of delivery include maintaining eye contact, using an expressive voice, and avoiding distracting habits.

Brainstorming Topics

Brainstorming effectively assists in choosing a specific topic for a speech.

Steps for Speech Preparation

Following topic selection, determine the general purpose of the speech.

General Purpose: Inform

The purpose to inform positions the speaker as an educator or lecturer.

General Purpose: Persuade

When the aim is to persuade, the speaker acts as an advocate for a viewpoint.

Specific Purpose Clarity

The specific purpose articulates the exact goal for the speech.

Example of a Specific Purpose

"To inform my audience about the history of the Super Bowl" serves as a precise specific purpose.

Poorly Phrased Specific Purpose

"To explain how to write an effective job resume" lacks audience reference and clarity.

Distinct Ideas in Purpose Statements

A specific purpose like "to persuade my audience to volunteer" is overly complex, containing multiple ideas.

Broad Specific Purpose Statements

A specific purpose like "to inform my audience about climate change" is too broad to be effective.

Central Idea of a Speech

The central idea encapsulates the major messages of the speech in one sentence.

Desired Response

The primary goal of speechmaking is to elicit a targeted response from the audience.

Audience-Centeredness

Public speakers should focus on the audience's needs and perspectives for effective communication.

Egocentric Audiences

Audiences interpret messages based on their own existing beliefs and knowledge.

Types of Audience Analysis

Types include demographic analysis and situational analysis.

Demographic Characteristics Example

Cultural background is a key demographic characteristic to consider.

Situational Characteristics Example

The size of the audience serves as an important situational characteristic.

Audience Attitude

A crucial factor in situational audience analysis is the audience's attitude toward the topic.

Formality with Audience Size

Increased audience size necessitates a more formal approach to delivery.

Benefits of Visual Aids

Visual aids enhance the clarity and understanding of the speaker's message.

Graphs for Statistical Trends

Graphs serve effectively to illustrate statistical trends in presentations.

Bar Graphs

Bar graphs are particularly suited for comparing multiple variables.

Demonstrating Actions

For discussions on physical moves, using one's self as a visual aid is effective.

Choosing PowerPoint Fonts

Avoid using all capital letters and excessive fonts in presentations for clarity.

Practicing with Visual Aids

Rehearse with visual aids to ensure smooth integration during the speech.

Visual Aid Timing

Visuals should be displayed only during relevant parts of the speech.

Conversational Quality in Delivery

Good delivery maintains a conversational tone, making it more engaging.

Nonverbal Communication

Nonverbal communication includes body language and vocal tone rather than just words.

Types of Speech Delivery

Political candidates often use manuscript delivery for precision.

Impromptu Speaking

Impromptu speakers present with minimal preparation.

Extemporaneous Speech Advantage

Extemporaneous speaking improves articulation and fluency for complex topics.

Conversational Quality Definition

Speeches should sound spontaneous even if rehearsed to maintain audience engagement.

Vocal Inflection

Inflection involves variations in the speaker's voice pitch for emphasis.

Vocalized Pauses

Terms like "uh", "er", and "um" refer to vocalized pauses, which should be minimized.

Articulation

Clear and distinct articulation helps ensure speech sounds are easily understood.

Kinetics

Kinetics refers to the study of body movements as a communication form.

Library Catalogues

Library catalogues compile resources including books and periodicals housed within.

Reference Works

Encyclopedias, yearbooks, and quotation books serve as key reference resources.

Academic Databases

Academic databases catalog articles from various scholarly journals, aiding research.

Quality Internet Research

Evaluate documents for authorship, sponsorship, and recency when researching online.

Author Qualification Checks

If an author's qualifications are unclear, perform an online search to verify credibility.

Research Interview Preparation

Preparing questions is crucial for effective research interviews.

Note-Taking Techniques

When taking research notes, differentiate between direct quotes, paraphrases, and personal ideas.

Preliminary Bibliography Purpose

The preliminary bibliography compiles potentially helpful sources for research.

Using Statistics Effectively

Statistics are powerful tools for engaging listeners and enhancing speech credibility.

Enhancing Examples with Statistics

Combine examples with statistics for greater impact and relatability.

Quantifying Ideas with Statistics

Statistics serve to quantify and lend support to speakers' ideas.

Clarifying Statistical Trends

Presenting statistics through visual aids can clarify complex data.

Expert Testimony

Citing an authority, like a Harvard business professor, provides credibility through expert testimony.

Language and Reality

Language shapes perceptions by giving meaning to events and ideas.

Denotative Meaning

The denotative meaning of a word reflects its literal definition.

Connotative Meaning

The connotative meaning conveys the emotions or associations a word evokes.

Evoking Emotions with Language

Utilize more connotative language to provoke emotional responses from the audience.

Abstract vs. Concrete Words

Abstract words signify ideas, while concrete words refer to tangible objects, such as "writing" versus "aspirin."

Vivid Language Techniques

Employ imagery and rhythm to enhance vividness in speech.

Metaphors in Speech

Creative metaphors offer imaginative comparisons, enhancing audience engagement.

Repetition Benefits

Repetition reinforces core ideas and creates a compelling speech cadence.

Alliteration Example

Phrases such as "We will be candid, consistent, and confident" demonstrate alliteration's rhythmic effect.

Antithesis Definition

Antithesis juxtaposes contrasting ideas within a parallel structure for dramatic effect.

Enhancing Speech Rhythm

Use repetition and parallelism to create rhythmic flow in speeches.

Simile and Parallelism

Comparisons like "A voter without a ballot is like a soldier without a bullet" blend simile with parallelism for emphasis.

Inclusive Language Guidelines

Avoid gender stereotyping in occupational titles and social roles to promote inclusivity in speech.

Language Effectiveness Criteria

Effective public speaking requires clarity and vividness, rather than technical language use.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts of public speaking with these flashcards designed for the CAS Final exam of 2017. Each card provides a definition to essential terms and ideas that empower speakers to communicate effectively. Perfect for revision before your final assessments!

CAS Public Speaking Final 2017