Public Health Quiz: Community Participation & Prevention

Question 1 Summary

• Questions about the Panchayati Raj at a village level exclude Zila Parishad

Question 2 Summary

• Koplik spots are seen in the prodromal stage of a disease, not the incubation stage

Question 3 Summary

• Demonstrating how to prepare homemade ORS is a method of community participation, not an appropriate technology

Question 4 Summary

• Preventing the development of a risk factor itself is called primordial prevention

Question 5 Summary

• The most comprehensive indicator for Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) is the quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained

Question 6 Summary

• A new concept in primary health care is a qualitative enquiry

Question 7 Summary

• Incidence rate only considers new cases, not existing ones.

Question 8 Summary

• The expected level of iodine in iodized salt at the production level, as per the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, is not less than 25ppm.

Question 9 Summary

• Prevalence rate of the disease, not New case detection rate, indicates whether leprosy cases are being detected early enough.

Question 10 Summary

• Yaws and Leprosy have been eliminated from India, not Leprosy and Measles

Question 11 Summary

• DDT is not a larval control measure.

Question 12 Summary

• A predisposing factor for cervical cancer is not single childbirth

Question 13 Summary

• Health policy indicators do not include resource allocation.

Question 14 Summary

• The risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission during and after delivery is between 15% and 30%, not 10% to 15%.

Question 15 Summary

• Human breast milk has a higher content of carbohydrates than cow's milk.

Question 16 Summary

• Arboviral diseases include Yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, not HIV, epidemic typhus, or Kalaazar.

Question 17 Summary

• WHO STEPs program is used for non-communicable diseases.

Question 18 Summary

• Cholera, Polio and Pertussis can have a carrier state, not Tetanus or Plague

Question 19 Summary

• The NDPS Act does not include alcoholism.

Question 20 Summary

• The study described is a concurrent cohort study, not a retrospective or cross sectional one.

Question 21 Summary

• The District blindness control society is headed by the District Collector, not the District Health Officer.

Question 22 Summary

• Degree of freedom for a 5 rows/4 columns table is 12 rows.

Question 23 Summary

• Neonatal tetanus elimination is achieved when the rate is below 0.1 per 1000 live births.

Question 24 Summary

• A paired t test is the correct method to use, not a chi-square or ANOVA.

Question 25 Summary

• The effective temperature of comfort zone is 77-80°F

Question 1 Summary

• The document mandatory to enroll a subject in a clinical research study is informed consent

Question 2 Summary

• Isolation is needed for diseases such as Cholera, Diphtheria, TB, and Herpes Zoster

Question 3 Summary

• The method for HIV pretest counseling is the individual approach

Question 4 Summary

• In epidemiology, the terms "source" and "reservoir" cannot be used interchangeably

Question 5 Summary

• Cluster sampling is the method used for assessing immunization status

Question 6 Summary

• Excludability means sellers can prevent non-paying customers from accessing the product's benefits

Question 7 Summary

• Gross National Income (GNI) represents the total output produced by a country's residents, wherever they are located.

Question 8 Summary

• Measles is the cause of toxic shock syndrome

Question 9 Summary

• The ultimate goal for health programs is to achieve optimal health outcomes.

Question 10 Summary

• Antigens, genetic recombination, and gradual changes are involved in influenza virus but major epidemics are not due to antigenic drift.

Question 11 Summary

• Staphylococcal food poisoning has a short incubation period (1–6 hours), and the toxins are not destroyed by boiling for 30 minutes. Toxins form at optimal body temperature (37°C).

Question 12 Summary

• Russia's demographic situation now largely comprises an increasing proportion of elderly individuals.

Question 13 Summary

• A sanitary latrine's most crucial element is the water seal

Question 14 Summary

• Neonatal tetanus is declared eliminated at less than 0.1 per 1,000 live births.

Question 15 Summary

• Clostridium tetani transmission isn't direct from person to person.

Question 16 Summary

• The highest level of integration within an Indian health service is a District hospital

Question 17 Summary

• Food poisoning is typically a common source, single exposure epidemic.

Question 18 Summary

• Hospital-acquired infections are also known as nosocomial infections, not emporiatric infections.

Question 19 Summary

• The most cost-effective approach for cataract surgery in India is through NGO-organized screening camps followed by surgery at a base hospital.

Question 20 Summary

• UNICEF does not provide family planning services, unlike immunization, nutrition, and child health education.

Question 21 Summary

• Mobile eye care services are not provided at tertiary care facilities.

Question 22 Summary

• The central value of a set of 180 values is obtained by finding the 90th percentile, not the second tertile, or 2nd quartile.

Question 23 Summary

• Leprosy most commonly spreads through droplets.

Question 24 Summary

• Prevalence of blindness in India is calculated at 1.1%, with a vision cut-off of 6/60 in the calculation.

Question 25 Summary

• WHO funds the RNTCP, not the National old age pension plan.

Question 1 Summary

• Zero-dose polio vaccination occurs at birth, not when the child is experiencing diarrhoea or polio, or before DPT.

Question 2 Summary

• A p-value is the probability of obtaining results as extreme as or more extreme than those observed, assuming the null hypothesis is true, not the probability of declaring a significant difference when it's actually present.

Question 3 Summary

• International surveillance does not include Yellow Fever.

Question 4 Summary

• The optimum hardness level for soft water is under 1 mEq/L

Question 5 Summary

• Salk polio vaccine is a killed vaccine.

Question 6 Summary

• Social blindness is between 3/60 and 1/60

Question 7 Summary

• The World Bank provides loans for economic growth, not cobalt therapy, social justice, or microscope purchases.

Question 8 Summary

• Kata thermometer is used for recording very low air velocities

Question 9 Summary

• Rejecting a null hypothesis when it is true is a Type I error.

Question 10 Summary

• An autocratic leadership style is characterized by a leader making decisions, setting policy, and controlling rewards and punishments.

Question 11 Summary

• Incidence is the rate of new cases of a disease within a specified time period, not the prevalence of existing cases.

Question 12 Summary

• The infectious period for measles is four days before and five days after the rash appears.

Question 13 Summary

• Simple random sampling is when each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample.

Question 14 Summary

• In a population of 5,000 with a birth rate of 30/1,000, and 15 early deaths, the infant mortality rate is 100/1000.

Question 15 Summary

• A sporadic disease occurrence pattern is one that happens randomly.

Question 16 Summary

• Edward Jenner is connected with the Smallpox vaccine, James Lind with the prevention of scurvy, and Walter Reed with yellow fever transmission.

Question 17 Summary

• Sex ratio is defined as the number of females per 1,000 males.

Question 18 Summary

• International Cancer Day is on February 4th, not October 31st.

Question 19 Summary

• The current Director of WHO is Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, not Dr. Margaret Chan.

Question 20 Summary

• Frequency in continuous data is displayed as an area within a histogram, not a bar chart, pie chart, or pictogram.

Question 21 Summary

• HIV screening for pregnant women is recommended as opt-out testing.

Question 22 Summary

• Histograms are used to represent continuous variables, not multiple bars, pie charts, or simple bars.

Question 23 Summary

• Immunization and marriage counseling are primary prevention strategies.

Question 24 Summary

• The most common cause of maternal death in India is obstetric haemorrhage.

Question 25 Summary

• A confounding factor is not a sampling error, but rather a factor that affects the relationship between an exposure and an outcome.

Question 1 Summary

• The heart of the activated sludge process is the secondary sedimentation tank.

Question 2 Summary

• Post-exposure vaccination is necessary for rabies, not mumps, typhoid, or rubella.

Question 3 Summary

• BCG is a freeze-dried vaccine.

Question 4 Summary

• PQLI stands for the Physical Quality of Life Index.

Question 5 Summary

• Onchocerciasis is not a part in the "Vision 2020-Right to Sight" immediate goals.

Question 6 Summary

• The forms of delivering medical care are emergency, undeferrable, and scheduled medical care.

Question 7 Summary

• Aedes mosquito eggs need water to survive less than one week.

Question 8 Summary

• Lifestyle is the factor determining health with the greatest impact.

Question 9 Summary

• Case fatality rate is the proportion of deaths due to a specific disease among those diagnosed with it.

Question 10 Summary

• World AIDS Day is celebrated on December 1st.

Question 11 Summary

• The upper reference curve on WHO growth charts represents the 50th percentile.

Question 12 Summary

• Integrated Child Protection Scheme is under the Ministry of Women and Child Development, not Health and Family Welfare.

Question 13 Summary

• Outpatient obstetric and gynecological care for women is generally provided at antenatal clinics and gynecological departments within polyclinics.

Question 14 Summary

• Oral polio vaccine provides immunity.

Question 15 Summary

• A false statement regarding coronary heart disease in India is that the typical onset age is about 10-20 years earlier than in Western countries.

Question 16 Summary

• The CDC recommends opt-out HIV screening for pregnant women.

Question 17 Summary

• The vector for Chagas' disease is not the black fly, but the kissing bug.

Question 18 Summary

• The best indicator for air pollution is SO2.

Question 19 Summary

• Polio is close to elimination in India.

Question 20 Summary

• The median value FEV observed among the 300 smokers is 2.5 liters, the first quartile 1.5, and the third quartile 4.5. The number of people with FEV between 1.5 and 4.5 liters is 150.