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Questions and Answers
What is the primary consequence of shock in the cardiovascular system?
What is the primary consequence of shock in the cardiovascular system?
What best describes orthostatic hypotension?
What best describes orthostatic hypotension?
Which of the following is a sign of shock?
Which of the following is a sign of shock?
What is an appropriate first response to a seizure?
What is an appropriate first response to a seizure?
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Which statement regarding cardiac arrest is true?
Which statement regarding cardiac arrest is true?
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In the case of choking, what is the first action you should remember?
In the case of choking, what is the first action you should remember?
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What is a key management strategy for handling burns?
What is a key management strategy for handling burns?
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Which symptom is commonly associated with autonomic dysreflexia?
Which symptom is commonly associated with autonomic dysreflexia?
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What is the main focus during the management of fractures?
What is the main focus during the management of fractures?
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What is a common symptom that might indicate a person is about to faint from orthostatic hypotension?
What is a common symptom that might indicate a person is about to faint from orthostatic hypotension?
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What is the importance of administering TPA within 3 hours of onset of stroke symptoms?
What is the importance of administering TPA within 3 hours of onset of stroke symptoms?
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How is Type I diabetes primarily managed?
How is Type I diabetes primarily managed?
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What condition can lead to diabetic coma if left untreated?
What condition can lead to diabetic coma if left untreated?
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Which of the following statements about Type II diabetes is accurate?
Which of the following statements about Type II diabetes is accurate?
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What is dehydration primarily caused by?
What is dehydration primarily caused by?
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The term 'brain attack' is encouraged to help the public understand the importance of what?
The term 'brain attack' is encouraged to help the public understand the importance of what?
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What long-term complications can arise from chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes?
What long-term complications can arise from chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes?
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What characterizes hyperglycemia?
What characterizes hyperglycemia?
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Which type of diabetes is referred to as juvenile onset diabetes?
Which type of diabetes is referred to as juvenile onset diabetes?
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What is a life-threatening condition associated with low blood sugar?
What is a life-threatening condition associated with low blood sugar?
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Study Notes
Basic Principles of Management in a Medical Emergency
- Effective management is crucial in medical emergencies to ensure patient safety and proper care.
Signs, Symptoms, and General Management of Selected Medical Emergencies
External Bleeding/Lacerations
- Immediate pressure should be applied to control bleeding.
Shock
- Defined as a failure of the cardiovascular system to maintain blood pressure, leading to reduced oxygen (O₂) delivery to tissues.
- Caused by low circulating blood volume.
- Four types of shock include hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive, and obstructive.
Orthostatic (Postural) Hypotension
- Occurs when blood pressure drops upon standing after being in a sitting or lying position.
- Blood pooling in lower extremities reduces venous return, affecting cardiac output and brain perfusion.
- Symptoms: dizziness, lightheadedness, nausea, cold sweats, and potential fainting.
Fractures
- Need immediate immobilization and stabilization.
Burns
- Management focuses on preventing wound contamination, reducing pain, and preventing shock.
Seizures
- Protect the individual from injury during the seizure; maintain the patient's modesty and privacy.
Choking
- Administer CPR and perform the Heimlich maneuver if necessary.
Autonomic Dysreflexia
- An exaggerated reflex of the sympathetic nervous system in response to noxious stimuli.
Cardiac Arrest/Myocardial Infarction (MI)
- Results from decreased blood flow and oxygen to heart muscle due to coronary artery obstruction, causing tissue death.
- For conscious patients: position comfortably, loosen tight clothing, monitor breathing, provide oxygen if available, and call 911.
- For unconscious patients: follow CAB (Circulation, Airway, Breathing) and call 911 before starting CPR.
Stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident, CVA)
- Urgency in treatment; early recognition is critical.
- If ischemic stroke occurs and TPA is administered within 3 hours, severity of deficits can be minimized.
- Public awareness campaigns promote using "brain attack" to encourage quick emergency response.
Internal Bleeding
- Typically caused by trauma; requires immediate medical attention.
Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
- Characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and metabolic disruption of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
- Insulin regulation issues lead to long-term damage to vital organs and systems.
- Two main types:
- Type I (Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus): No insulin production; requires injections.
- Type II (Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus): Body's ineffective use of insulin; managed through diet, exercise, and sometimes oral medications.
Hypoglycemia
- Low blood sugar levels can be life-threatening; immediate intervention is needed.
Hyperglycemia
- High blood sugar levels may lead to diabetic coma; requires monitoring and management.
Dehydration
- Results from excessive water loss or inadequate intake, leading to hypovolemia and potential shock if untreated.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the basic principles of management for medical emergencies as outlined in Chapter 12 of Fairchild. It covers signs, symptoms, and general management of selected medical emergencies, including external bleeding and shock. Engage with your knowledge to prepare for real-life situations in the medical field.
