PTH 105 Unit 4: Medical Emergencies
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary consequence of shock in the cardiovascular system?

  • Improved cardiac output
  • Enhanced oxygen delivery
  • Increased blood volume
  • Inadequate blood pressure (correct)
  • What best describes orthostatic hypotension?

  • A drop in BP from position changes (correct)
  • A persistent state of high blood pressure
  • A gradual increase in blood pressure
  • A sudden drop in heart rate when standing
  • Which of the following is a sign of shock?

  • Increased circulatory volume
  • High blood pressure
  • Decreased oxygen delivery to tissues (correct)
  • Uninterrupted blood flow
  • What is an appropriate first response to a seizure?

    <p>Protect the person from injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding cardiac arrest is true?

    <p>It results from decreased blood and oxygen to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of choking, what is the first action you should remember?

    <p>Use the Heimlich maneuver if necessary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key management strategy for handling burns?

    <p>Prevent wound contamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly associated with autonomic dysreflexia?

    <p>Exaggerated reflex responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus during the management of fractures?

    <p>Immobilizing the affected area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom that might indicate a person is about to faint from orthostatic hypotension?

    <p>Dizziness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of administering TPA within 3 hours of onset of stroke symptoms?

    <p>It can minimize the severity of resultant deficits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Type I diabetes primarily managed?

    <p>Insulin injections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can lead to diabetic coma if left untreated?

    <p>Hyperglycemia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Type II diabetes is accurate?

    <p>It can often be controlled through diet and exercise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is dehydration primarily caused by?

    <p>Excessive loss of water or inadequate water intake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'brain attack' is encouraged to help the public understand the importance of what?

    <p>Recognizing stroke symptoms and calling for help.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What long-term complications can arise from chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes?

    <p>Kidney disease and heart damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes hyperglycemia?

    <p>High blood sugar levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diabetes is referred to as juvenile onset diabetes?

    <p>Type I diabetes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a life-threatening condition associated with low blood sugar?

    <p>Hypoglycemia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Basic Principles of Management in a Medical Emergency

    • Effective management is crucial in medical emergencies to ensure patient safety and proper care.

    Signs, Symptoms, and General Management of Selected Medical Emergencies

    External Bleeding/Lacerations

    • Immediate pressure should be applied to control bleeding.

    Shock

    • Defined as a failure of the cardiovascular system to maintain blood pressure, leading to reduced oxygen (O₂) delivery to tissues.
    • Caused by low circulating blood volume.
    • Four types of shock include hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive, and obstructive.

    Orthostatic (Postural) Hypotension

    • Occurs when blood pressure drops upon standing after being in a sitting or lying position.
    • Blood pooling in lower extremities reduces venous return, affecting cardiac output and brain perfusion.
    • Symptoms: dizziness, lightheadedness, nausea, cold sweats, and potential fainting.

    Fractures

    • Need immediate immobilization and stabilization.

    Burns

    • Management focuses on preventing wound contamination, reducing pain, and preventing shock.

    Seizures

    • Protect the individual from injury during the seizure; maintain the patient's modesty and privacy.

    Choking

    • Administer CPR and perform the Heimlich maneuver if necessary.

    Autonomic Dysreflexia

    • An exaggerated reflex of the sympathetic nervous system in response to noxious stimuli.

    Cardiac Arrest/Myocardial Infarction (MI)

    • Results from decreased blood flow and oxygen to heart muscle due to coronary artery obstruction, causing tissue death.
    • For conscious patients: position comfortably, loosen tight clothing, monitor breathing, provide oxygen if available, and call 911.
    • For unconscious patients: follow CAB (Circulation, Airway, Breathing) and call 911 before starting CPR.

    Stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident, CVA)

    • Urgency in treatment; early recognition is critical.
    • If ischemic stroke occurs and TPA is administered within 3 hours, severity of deficits can be minimized.
    • Public awareness campaigns promote using "brain attack" to encourage quick emergency response.

    Internal Bleeding

    • Typically caused by trauma; requires immediate medical attention.

    Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

    • Characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and metabolic disruption of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
    • Insulin regulation issues lead to long-term damage to vital organs and systems.
    • Two main types:
      • Type I (Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus): No insulin production; requires injections.
      • Type II (Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus): Body's ineffective use of insulin; managed through diet, exercise, and sometimes oral medications.

    Hypoglycemia

    • Low blood sugar levels can be life-threatening; immediate intervention is needed.

    Hyperglycemia

    • High blood sugar levels may lead to diabetic coma; requires monitoring and management.

    Dehydration

    • Results from excessive water loss or inadequate intake, leading to hypovolemia and potential shock if untreated.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on the basic principles of management for medical emergencies as outlined in Chapter 12 of Fairchild. It covers signs, symptoms, and general management of selected medical emergencies, including external bleeding and shock. Engage with your knowledge to prepare for real-life situations in the medical field.

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