EMT Chapter 26 Bleeding Flashcards

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson
Download our mobile app to listen on the go
Get App

Questions and Answers

In which of the following situations would external bleeding be the most difficult to control?

  • Antecubital vein laceration and a blood pressure of 138/92 mm Hg
  • Jugular vein laceration and a systolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg
  • Carotid artery laceration and a systolic blood pressure of 60 mm Hg
  • Femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg (correct)

The most appropriate treatment for a 22-year-old male who was kicked in the abdomen multiple times includes:

  • A detailed assessment of his abdomen
  • Performing a focused physical exam
  • Applying oxygen via nasal cannula
  • Preparing for immediate transport (correct)

In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is:

  • A decreasing blood pressure
  • Dizziness upon standing (correct)
  • A rapid, thready pulse
  • Rapid, shallow breathing

Which of the following body systems or components is the least critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body?

<p>The filtering of blood cells in the spleen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After a man accidentally cut his wrist while sharpening a hunting knife, what should you do?

<p>Control the bleeding with direct pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for two to three hours?

<p>Skeletal muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An organ or tissue might better resist damage from hypoperfusion if the:

<p>Body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F (37.0°C) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bleeding from the nose following head trauma:

<p>Is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Perfusion is most accurately defined as the:

<p>Circulation of blood within an organ in adequate amounts to meet the body's metabolic needs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the:

<p>Arterioles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hypoperfusion is another name for:

<p>Shock (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After applying a pressure dressing to a laceration on a patient's arm, blood starts to saturate it. You should:

<p>Place additional dressings over the wound (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If direct pressure fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply:

<p>A tourniquet proximal to the injury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Internal bleeding into a fractured extremity is most often controlled by:

<p>Splinting the extremity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 48-year-old male has a suspected open-book pelvic fracture. His vital signs show signs of hypoperfusion. What should the EMT do?

<p>Apply a compression device around his pelvis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All of the following should be addressed during the primary assessment except:

<p>Capillary bleeding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hypovolemic shock occurs when:

<p>Low fluid volume leads to inadequate perfusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When treating a patient with severe epistaxis, it is most important to recall that:

<p>The patient is at risk for vomiting and aspiration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most cases of external bleeding from an extremity can be controlled by:

<p>Applying local direct pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which finding is the most significant when assessing a patient with possible internal bleeding?

<p>The patient takes rivaroxaban (Xarelto) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with:

<p>Hematemesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which splinting device is most appropriate for a patient with an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding?

<p>Air splint (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After blunt trauma to the abdomen, if a patient complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain in the left shoulder, which organ should you suspect injury to?

<p>Spleen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as ______ of blood is lost.

<p>100 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood stasis, changes in the vessel wall, and certain medications affect the:

<p>Ability of the blood to effectively clot (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include:

<p>Pain and distention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not considered a basic technique when controlling bleeding?

<p>Apply a cervical collar and place the patient on a long backboard (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

External bleeding from a vein is relatively easy to control because:

<p>Veins are under a lower pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is bleeding severely from a severed femoral artery high in the groin region. Which of the following would most likely control the bleeding?

<p>Apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, except:

<p>Systolic blood pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Regardless of the type of tourniquet used, it is important to remember that:

<p>The tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding might return if the tourniquet is released (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. Preferred treatment for this patient includes:

<p>Pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate blood volume of an 80-kg adult male?

<p>6.0 L (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should first:

<p>Apply direct pressure to the wound (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding might be:

<p>Weakness or dizziness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is most related to:

<p>How rapidly he or she bleeds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Capillaries link the arterioles and the:

<p>Venules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following occurs after tissues are injured?

<p>Platelets collect at the injury site (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct?

<p>Patients with hemophilia might bleed spontaneously (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume.

<p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Femoral Artery Laceration

Bleeding from the femoral artery that is difficult to stop, especially with good blood pressure.

Response to Abdominal Assault

The immediate action for these patients is quick transport to a medical facility due to the high risk of internal bleeding.

Dizziness (Nontrauma)

In patients without trauma, this symptom often indicates internal bleeding.

Hypoperfusion (Shock)

Low fluid volume and inadequate perfusion of organs and tissues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Direct Pressure

The initial step to control bleeding.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tourniquet Application

Apply above the injury when direct pressure fails to stop bleeding.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Saturated Pressure Dressing

Do not remove the original dressing, instead add more on top.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pale Skin & Rapid Pulse

Pale, sweaty skin and a rapid pulse are indicators of shock, especially in fractures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Intra-abdominal Bleeding Signs

Abdominal pain and swelling suggest internal bleeding in the abdominal area.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hematemesis

Vomiting blood which indicates bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract.

Signup and view all the flashcards

High Blood Pressure/Medications

These can worsen bleeding and make it harder to control.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Compression Device

Used to stabilize pelvic fractures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anticoagulant Use

These patients have a significantly increased risk of bleeding.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Infant Blood Loss

They will show shock signs after losing a small amount of blood due to their smaller blood volume.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tourniquet Removal

It should only be removed by medical professionals in a hospital.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypotension

A drop in blood pressure indicates significant blood loss.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Delayed Instability

Vital signs may not change until a significant amount of blood is lost.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Rate of Blood Loss

The body’s ability to deal with blood loss depends most on how fast the blood is lost.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Capillary Bed Function

Sites where oxygen and nutrients are exchanged in the tissues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Platelet Role

These cells aggregate at the site of injury to form a clot.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hemophilia

Causes spontaneous bleeding due to deficiency in clotting factors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Venous Bleeding

Bleeding from these vessels is generally easier to manage due to lower pressure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Large Radius Bleeds

These bleeds often need special hemostatic agents.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Severe Nosebleed Treatment

Leaning forward and pinching nostrils is the correct first step.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

External Bleeding Control

  • External bleeding from a femoral artery laceration is challenging to control, especially with good blood pressure.
  • A response to abdominal assault involves immediate transport due to signs of internal bleeding.
  • Dizziness in nontrauma patients often signals internal bleeding.

Body Systems and Blood Flow

  • The spleen is the least critical component for maintaining adequate blood flow.
  • Skeletal muscle can withstand inadequate perfusion for two to three hours.
  • Hypoperfusion, also known as shock, occurs with low fluid volume and inadequate perfusion.

Bleeding Management Techniques

  • Direct pressure is the first line of action for bleeding control.
  • A tourniquet is applied when direct pressure fails, specifically above the injury.
  • If bleeding saturates a pressure dressing, additional dressings should be placed on top rather than replacing the one already in use.

Internal Bleeding Indicators

  • Pale, diaphoretic skin and a rapid pulse indicate shock, particularly in pelvic fractures.
  • Signs of intra-abdominal bleeding include abdominal pain and distension.
  • Hematemesis suggests gastrointestinal bleeding.

Safety and Assessment Considerations

  • High blood pressure and certain medications can aggravate bleeding and complicate treatment.
  • Use of a compression device is essential for stabilizing pelvic fractures.
  • A patient on anticoagulants like rivaroxaban poses higher bleeding risks.

Pediatric Considerations

  • Infants with a total blood volume of 800 mL show shock symptoms after losing 100 mL of blood.

Tourniquet Application

  • The tourniquet is only to be removed in a hospital setting, as it may lead to renewed bleeding if released prematurely.

Vital Signs and Shock

  • Vital sign instability, particularly hypotension, typically surfaces after a significant blood volume loss (over 20%).
  • Elderly patients may first show weakness or dizziness as an indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding.

Cardiovascular Compensation

  • The cardiovascular system's ability to handle blood loss correlates with the rate of bleeding rather than baseline metrics.
  • Capillary bed functions as a link between arterioles and venules, facilitating nutrient exchange.

Hemostasis and Blood Clotting

  • Platelets aggregate at injury sites to promote clotting after tissue injury, critical for stopping bleeding.
  • Hemophilia causes spontaneous bleeding events due to a deficiency in blood clotting factors.

Measurement and Treatment Techniques

  • External bleeding from veins tends to be easier to control due to lower pressure.
  • A larger radius bleed typically requires special management strategies, including the use of hemostatic agents.
  • For treating severe nosebleeds, having patients lean forward and pinch their nostrils is recommended.

Overall Management

  • Focus remains on managing bleeding via techniques emphasizing direct pressure, tourniquet use, and rapid patient assessment for timely transport or further intervention.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser