EMT Chapter 26 Bleeding Quiz & Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

In which of the following situations would external bleeding be the most difficult to control?

Antecubital vein laceration and a blood pressure of 138/92 mm Hg

Jugular vein laceration and a systolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg

Carotid artery laceration and a systolic blood pressure of 60 mm Hg

Femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg (correct)

The most appropriate treatment for a 22-year-old male who was kicked in the abdomen multiple times includes:

A detailed assessment of his abdomen

Performing a focused physical exam

Applying oxygen via nasal cannula

Preparing for immediate transport (correct)

In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is:

A decreasing blood pressure

Dizziness upon standing (correct)

A rapid, thready pulse

Rapid, shallow breathing

Which of the following body systems or components is the least critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body?

The filtering of blood cells in the spleen Signup and view all the answers

After a man accidentally cut his wrist while sharpening a hunting knife, what should you do?

Control the bleeding with direct pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for two to three hours?

Skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

An organ or tissue might better resist damage from hypoperfusion if the:

Body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F (37.0°C) Signup and view all the answers

Bleeding from the nose following head trauma:

Is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped Signup and view all the answers

Perfusion is most accurately defined as the:

Circulation of blood within an organ in adequate amounts to meet the body's metabolic needs Signup and view all the answers

The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the:

Arterioles Signup and view all the answers

Hypoperfusion is another name for:

Shock Signup and view all the answers

After applying a pressure dressing to a laceration on a patient's arm, blood starts to saturate it. You should:

Place additional dressings over the wound Signup and view all the answers

If direct pressure fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply:

A tourniquet proximal to the injury Signup and view all the answers

Internal bleeding into a fractured extremity is most often controlled by:

Splinting the extremity Signup and view all the answers

A 48-year-old male has a suspected open-book pelvic fracture. His vital signs show signs of hypoperfusion. What should the EMT do?

Apply a compression device around his pelvis Signup and view all the answers

All of the following should be addressed during the primary assessment except:

Capillary bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Hypovolemic shock occurs when:

Low fluid volume leads to inadequate perfusion Signup and view all the answers

When treating a patient with severe epistaxis, it is most important to recall that:

The patient is at risk for vomiting and aspiration Signup and view all the answers

Most cases of external bleeding from an extremity can be controlled by:

Applying local direct pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which finding is the most significant when assessing a patient with possible internal bleeding?

The patient takes rivaroxaban (Xarelto) Signup and view all the answers

Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with:

Hematemesis Signup and view all the answers

Which splinting device is most appropriate for a patient with an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding?

Air splint Signup and view all the answers

After blunt trauma to the abdomen, if a patient complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain in the left shoulder, which organ should you suspect injury to?

Spleen Signup and view all the answers

An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as ______ of blood is lost.

100 mL Signup and view all the answers

Blood stasis, changes in the vessel wall, and certain medications affect the:

Ability of the blood to effectively clot Signup and view all the answers

Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include:

Pain and distention Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not considered a basic technique when controlling bleeding?

Apply a cervical collar and place the patient on a long backboard Signup and view all the answers

External bleeding from a vein is relatively easy to control because:

Veins are under a lower pressure Signup and view all the answers

A patient is bleeding severely from a severed femoral artery high in the groin region. Which of the following would most likely control the bleeding?

Apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure Signup and view all the answers

The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, except:

Systolic blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Regardless of the type of tourniquet used, it is important to remember that:

The tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding might return if the tourniquet is released Signup and view all the answers

A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. Preferred treatment for this patient includes:

Pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate blood volume of an 80-kg adult male?

6.0 L Signup and view all the answers

A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should first:

Apply direct pressure to the wound Signup and view all the answers

In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding might be:

Weakness or dizziness Signup and view all the answers

The ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is most related to:

How rapidly he or she bleeds Signup and view all the answers

Capillaries link the arterioles and the:

Venules Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following occurs after tissues are injured?

Platelets collect at the injury site Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct?

Patients with hemophilia might bleed spontaneously Signup and view all the answers

Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume.

20% Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

External Bleeding Control

External bleeding from a femoral artery laceration is challenging to control, especially with good blood pressure.
A response to abdominal assault involves immediate transport due to signs of internal bleeding.
Dizziness in nontrauma patients often signals internal bleeding.

Body Systems and Blood Flow

The spleen is the least critical component for maintaining adequate blood flow.
Skeletal muscle can withstand inadequate perfusion for two to three hours.
Hypoperfusion, also known as shock, occurs with low fluid volume and inadequate perfusion.

Bleeding Management Techniques

Direct pressure is the first line of action for bleeding control.
A tourniquet is applied when direct pressure fails, specifically above the injury.
If bleeding saturates a pressure dressing, additional dressings should be placed on top rather than replacing the one already in use.

Internal Bleeding Indicators

Pale, diaphoretic skin and a rapid pulse indicate shock, particularly in pelvic fractures.
Signs of intra-abdominal bleeding include abdominal pain and distension.
Hematemesis suggests gastrointestinal bleeding.

Safety and Assessment Considerations

High blood pressure and certain medications can aggravate bleeding and complicate treatment.
Use of a compression device is essential for stabilizing pelvic fractures.
A patient on anticoagulants like rivaroxaban poses higher bleeding risks.

Pediatric Considerations

Infants with a total blood volume of 800 mL show shock symptoms after losing 100 mL of blood.

Tourniquet Application

The tourniquet is only to be removed in a hospital setting, as it may lead to renewed bleeding if released prematurely.

Vital Signs and Shock

Vital sign instability, particularly hypotension, typically surfaces after a significant blood volume loss (over 20%).
Elderly patients may first show weakness or dizziness as an indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding.

Cardiovascular Compensation

The cardiovascular system's ability to handle blood loss correlates with the rate of bleeding rather than baseline metrics.
Capillary bed functions as a link between arterioles and venules, facilitating nutrient exchange.

Hemostasis and Blood Clotting

Platelets aggregate at injury sites to promote clotting after tissue injury, critical for stopping bleeding.
Hemophilia causes spontaneous bleeding events due to a deficiency in blood clotting factors.

Measurement and Treatment Techniques

External bleeding from veins tends to be easier to control due to lower pressure.
A larger radius bleed typically requires special management strategies, including the use of hemostatic agents.
For treating severe nosebleeds, having patients lean forward and pinch their nostrils is recommended.

Overall Management

Focus remains on managing bleeding via techniques emphasizing direct pressure, tourniquet use, and rapid patient assessment for timely transport or further intervention.

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Description

Test your knowledge with flashcards focusing on external bleeding situations as covered in EMT Chapter 26. This quiz helps reinforce understanding of various bleeding scenarios and their management. Perfect for EMT students preparing for exams.

EMT Chapter 26 Bleeding Flashcards