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Questions and Answers
In which of the following situations would external bleeding be the most difficult to control?
In which of the following situations would external bleeding be the most difficult to control?
- Antecubital vein laceration and a blood pressure of 138/92 mm Hg
- Jugular vein laceration and a systolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg
- Carotid artery laceration and a systolic blood pressure of 60 mm Hg
- Femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg (correct)
The most appropriate treatment for a 22-year-old male who was kicked in the abdomen multiple times includes:
The most appropriate treatment for a 22-year-old male who was kicked in the abdomen multiple times includes:
- A detailed assessment of his abdomen
- Performing a focused physical exam
- Applying oxygen via nasal cannula
- Preparing for immediate transport (correct)
In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is:
In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is:
- A decreasing blood pressure
- Dizziness upon standing (correct)
- A rapid, thready pulse
- Rapid, shallow breathing
Which of the following body systems or components is the least critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body?
Which of the following body systems or components is the least critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body?
After a man accidentally cut his wrist while sharpening a hunting knife, what should you do?
After a man accidentally cut his wrist while sharpening a hunting knife, what should you do?
Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for two to three hours?
Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for two to three hours?
An organ or tissue might better resist damage from hypoperfusion if the:
An organ or tissue might better resist damage from hypoperfusion if the:
Bleeding from the nose following head trauma:
Bleeding from the nose following head trauma:
Perfusion is most accurately defined as the:
Perfusion is most accurately defined as the:
The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the:
The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the:
Hypoperfusion is another name for:
Hypoperfusion is another name for:
After applying a pressure dressing to a laceration on a patient's arm, blood starts to saturate it. You should:
After applying a pressure dressing to a laceration on a patient's arm, blood starts to saturate it. You should:
If direct pressure fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply:
If direct pressure fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply:
Internal bleeding into a fractured extremity is most often controlled by:
Internal bleeding into a fractured extremity is most often controlled by:
A 48-year-old male has a suspected open-book pelvic fracture. His vital signs show signs of hypoperfusion. What should the EMT do?
A 48-year-old male has a suspected open-book pelvic fracture. His vital signs show signs of hypoperfusion. What should the EMT do?
All of the following should be addressed during the primary assessment except:
All of the following should be addressed during the primary assessment except:
Hypovolemic shock occurs when:
Hypovolemic shock occurs when:
When treating a patient with severe epistaxis, it is most important to recall that:
When treating a patient with severe epistaxis, it is most important to recall that:
Most cases of external bleeding from an extremity can be controlled by:
Most cases of external bleeding from an extremity can be controlled by:
Which finding is the most significant when assessing a patient with possible internal bleeding?
Which finding is the most significant when assessing a patient with possible internal bleeding?
Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with:
Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with:
Which splinting device is most appropriate for a patient with an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding?
Which splinting device is most appropriate for a patient with an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding?
After blunt trauma to the abdomen, if a patient complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain in the left shoulder, which organ should you suspect injury to?
After blunt trauma to the abdomen, if a patient complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain in the left shoulder, which organ should you suspect injury to?
An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as ______ of blood is lost.
An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as ______ of blood is lost.
Blood stasis, changes in the vessel wall, and certain medications affect the:
Blood stasis, changes in the vessel wall, and certain medications affect the:
Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include:
Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include:
Which of the following is not considered a basic technique when controlling bleeding?
Which of the following is not considered a basic technique when controlling bleeding?
External bleeding from a vein is relatively easy to control because:
External bleeding from a vein is relatively easy to control because:
A patient is bleeding severely from a severed femoral artery high in the groin region. Which of the following would most likely control the bleeding?
A patient is bleeding severely from a severed femoral artery high in the groin region. Which of the following would most likely control the bleeding?
The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, except:
The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, except:
Regardless of the type of tourniquet used, it is important to remember that:
Regardless of the type of tourniquet used, it is important to remember that:
A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. Preferred treatment for this patient includes:
A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. Preferred treatment for this patient includes:
What is the approximate blood volume of an 80-kg adult male?
What is the approximate blood volume of an 80-kg adult male?
A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should first:
A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should first:
In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding might be:
In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding might be:
The ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is most related to:
The ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is most related to:
Capillaries link the arterioles and the:
Capillaries link the arterioles and the:
Which of the following occurs after tissues are injured?
Which of the following occurs after tissues are injured?
Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct?
Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct?
Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume.
Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume.
Flashcards
Femoral Artery Laceration
Femoral Artery Laceration
Bleeding from the femoral artery that is difficult to stop, especially with good blood pressure.
Response to Abdominal Assault
Response to Abdominal Assault
The immediate action for these patients is quick transport to a medical facility due to the high risk of internal bleeding.
Dizziness (Nontrauma)
Dizziness (Nontrauma)
In patients without trauma, this symptom often indicates internal bleeding.
Hypoperfusion (Shock)
Hypoperfusion (Shock)
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Direct Pressure
Direct Pressure
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Tourniquet Application
Tourniquet Application
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Saturated Pressure Dressing
Saturated Pressure Dressing
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Pale Skin & Rapid Pulse
Pale Skin & Rapid Pulse
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Intra-abdominal Bleeding Signs
Intra-abdominal Bleeding Signs
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Hematemesis
Hematemesis
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High Blood Pressure/Medications
High Blood Pressure/Medications
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Compression Device
Compression Device
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Anticoagulant Use
Anticoagulant Use
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Infant Blood Loss
Infant Blood Loss
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Tourniquet Removal
Tourniquet Removal
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Hypotension
Hypotension
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Delayed Instability
Delayed Instability
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Rate of Blood Loss
Rate of Blood Loss
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Capillary Bed Function
Capillary Bed Function
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Platelet Role
Platelet Role
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Hemophilia
Hemophilia
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Venous Bleeding
Venous Bleeding
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Large Radius Bleeds
Large Radius Bleeds
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Severe Nosebleed Treatment
Severe Nosebleed Treatment
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Study Notes
External Bleeding Control
- External bleeding from a femoral artery laceration is challenging to control, especially with good blood pressure.
- A response to abdominal assault involves immediate transport due to signs of internal bleeding.
- Dizziness in nontrauma patients often signals internal bleeding.
Body Systems and Blood Flow
- The spleen is the least critical component for maintaining adequate blood flow.
- Skeletal muscle can withstand inadequate perfusion for two to three hours.
- Hypoperfusion, also known as shock, occurs with low fluid volume and inadequate perfusion.
Bleeding Management Techniques
- Direct pressure is the first line of action for bleeding control.
- A tourniquet is applied when direct pressure fails, specifically above the injury.
- If bleeding saturates a pressure dressing, additional dressings should be placed on top rather than replacing the one already in use.
Internal Bleeding Indicators
- Pale, diaphoretic skin and a rapid pulse indicate shock, particularly in pelvic fractures.
- Signs of intra-abdominal bleeding include abdominal pain and distension.
- Hematemesis suggests gastrointestinal bleeding.
Safety and Assessment Considerations
- High blood pressure and certain medications can aggravate bleeding and complicate treatment.
- Use of a compression device is essential for stabilizing pelvic fractures.
- A patient on anticoagulants like rivaroxaban poses higher bleeding risks.
Pediatric Considerations
- Infants with a total blood volume of 800 mL show shock symptoms after losing 100 mL of blood.
Tourniquet Application
- The tourniquet is only to be removed in a hospital setting, as it may lead to renewed bleeding if released prematurely.
Vital Signs and Shock
- Vital sign instability, particularly hypotension, typically surfaces after a significant blood volume loss (over 20%).
- Elderly patients may first show weakness or dizziness as an indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding.
Cardiovascular Compensation
- The cardiovascular system's ability to handle blood loss correlates with the rate of bleeding rather than baseline metrics.
- Capillary bed functions as a link between arterioles and venules, facilitating nutrient exchange.
Hemostasis and Blood Clotting
- Platelets aggregate at injury sites to promote clotting after tissue injury, critical for stopping bleeding.
- Hemophilia causes spontaneous bleeding events due to a deficiency in blood clotting factors.
Measurement and Treatment Techniques
- External bleeding from veins tends to be easier to control due to lower pressure.
- A larger radius bleed typically requires special management strategies, including the use of hemostatic agents.
- For treating severe nosebleeds, having patients lean forward and pinch their nostrils is recommended.
Overall Management
- Focus remains on managing bleeding via techniques emphasizing direct pressure, tourniquet use, and rapid patient assessment for timely transport or further intervention.
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