Kapitel 14: Søvn og Drømme
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Questions and Answers

Hvilke af disse muligheder er fysiologiske målinger af søvn? (Vælg alle, der gælder)

  • Hjerterytme
  • Elektroencefalogram (EEG) (correct)
  • Elektromyogram (EMG) (correct)
  • Blodtryk
  • Elektrookulogram (EOG) (correct)
  • Hvilke af disse er faser i søvn-EEG? (Vælg alle, der gælder)

  • REM-søvn (correct)
  • Fase 4
  • Fase 2 (correct)
  • Fase 1 (correct)
  • Fase 3 (correct)
  • REM-søvn er forbundet med drømme.

    True

    Hvad er første-nattens fænomen?

    <p>Forstyrret søvn under første nat i søvnlaboratoriet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hvad er den vigtigste zeitgeber for de fleste pattedyr?

    <p>Lysets cyklus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hvad er en fri-løbende rytme?

    <p>En circadian rytme, der fortsætter med at køre i et miljø uden zeitgebers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hvad er de primære funktioner af søvn, ifølge adaptation teorier?

    <p>At regulere kropstemperaturen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hvad er en potentiel ulempe ved at bruge karruselapparatet til at fratage rotter søvn?

    <p>Det kan være stressende for rotterne.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mennesker med REM-søvn-forstyrrelse har ofte mareridt.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hvilke af disse områder i hjernen er blevet knyttet til drømme? (Vælg alle, der gælder)

    <p>Den præfrontale cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hvor er den suprachiasmatiske kerne (SCN) placeret?

    <p>Den forreste hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hvad er melanopsin?

    <p>Et fotoreceptorpigment i retinal ganglion celler, der er følsomt for lys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hvordan påvirker melatonin søvn?

    <p>Melatonin fremmer søvn og synkroniserer circadian rytmer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hvad er iatrogen insomni?

    <p>Insomni forårsaget af medicinering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hvad er søvnrestriktionsbehandling?

    <p>En behandling for insomni, hvor man begrænser den tid, man tilbringer i sengen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hvad er søvnparalyse?

    <p>En tilstand, hvor man føler sig lammet i sengen, men er vågen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hvad er hypnagoge hallucinationer?

    <p>Hallucinationer, der optræder ved overgang fra vågenhed til REM-søvn.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hvad er orexin?

    <p>Et neuropeptid, der er involveret i vågenhed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mennesker, der sover mindre end 6 timer pr. nat, er mere tilbøjelige til at dø tidligere.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hvordan påvirker jetlag circadian rytmer?

    <p>Jetlag forstyrrer circadian rytmer, når man rejser over forskellige tidszoner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hvad er den retikulære dannelse?

    <p>Et område i hjernestammen, der er involveret i reguleringen af vågenhed og søvn.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    REM-søvn forekommer kun i den første del af natten.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hvilke af disse er effekter af langvarig REM-søvn-berøvelse? (Vælg alle, der gælder)

    <p>REM-søvn rebound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Korte sovende har ofte højere søvnkvalitet end lange sovende.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chapter 14: Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythms

    • Learning Objectives (LO):
      • LO 14.1: Describes three standard physiological measures of sleep.
      • LO 14.2: Describes three stages of the sleep EEG and explains the difference between REM and non-REM sleep.
      • LO 14.3: Describes the discovery of the relationship between REM sleep and dreaming.
      • LO 14.4: Describes five common beliefs about dreaming and assesses their validity.
      • LO 14.5: Understands the relationship between REM sleep, NREM sleep, and dreaming.
      • LO 14.6: Defines lucid dreaming and discusses the research that supports its existence.
      • LO 14.7: Discusses studying dream content and describes factors influencing dream content.
      • LO 14.8: Compares and contrasts three different theories of why we dream.
      • LO 14.9: Identifies three brain areas implicated in dreaming.
      • LO 14.10: Describes two kinds of sleep theories.
      • LO 14.11: Explains four conclusions from comparative sleep analysis.
      • LO 14.12: Explains how stress can be a confounding variable in sleep deprivation studies.
      • LO 14.13: Lists three predictions of recuperation theories for sleep deprivation.
      • LO 14.14: Describes two classic sleep-deprivation case studies.
      • LO 14.15: Describes major effects of sleep deprivation in humans.
      • LO 14.16: Describes key studies of sleep deprivation in laboratory animals and critiques the carousel apparatus method.
      • LO 14.17: Describes effects of REM sleep deprivation.
      • LO 14.18: Presents six pieces of evidence indicating that less sleep is associated with more efficient sleep.
      • LO 14.19: Describes the circadian sleep-wake cycle and the role of zeitgebers in maintaining circadian rhythms.
      • LO 14.20: Describes free-running rhythms, internal desynchronization, and explains their incompatibility with recuperation theories.
      • LO 14.21: Describes disruptive effects of jet lag and shift work on circadian rhythmicity and how to minimize these effects.
      • LO 14.22: Describes the discovery of a circadian clock in the SCN of the hypothalamus,
      • LO 14.23: Explains how SCN neurons are entrained by the 24-hour light-dark cycle.
      • LO 14.24: Explores the genetics of circadian rhythms and discoveries related to circadian genes.
      • LO 14.25: Explains the research behind the anterior/posterior hypothalamus' role in sleep/wakefulness regulation.
      • LO 14.26: Describes research linking the reticular formation to sleep/wakefulness regulation.
      • LO 14.27: Discusses REM sleep control by the reticular formation and implications for understanding neural mechanisms of behavior.
      • LO 14.28: Describes three classes of hypnotic drugs, comparing efficacy and side effects.
      • LO 14.29: Describes three classes of antihypnotic drugs.
      • LO 14.30: Explains the relationship between the pineal gland and melatonin, and how melatonin affects sleep.
      • LO 14.31: Describes four causes of insomnia.
      • LO 14.32: Describes symptoms of narcolepsy and the role of orexin in this disorder.
      • LO 14.33: Describes a REM-sleep-related disorder and its neural mechanisms.
      • LO 14.34: Lists the key differences between short and long sleepers.
      • LO 14.35: Describes the outcomes of studies on long-term sleep reduction.
      • LO 14.36: Describes the outcomes of long-term sleep reduction by napping.
      • LO 14.37: Examines the relationship between shorter sleep times and longevity.

    Summary Points:

    • This chapter covers various aspects of sleep, dreaming, and circadian rhythms, including their regulation, causes of issues and possible remedies.
    • Sleep deprivation has significant effects on cognitive, physiological, and emotional functions.
    • Recuperative theories and adaptation theories provide contrasting perspectives on the function of sleep.
    • Circadian rhythms are internally generated cycles that influence various physiological processes, including sleep.

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    Description

    I dette quiz vil du udforske centrale aspekter af søvnfysiologi, drømmenes indhold og teorierne bag, hvorfor vi drømmer. Quizzen dækker også REM og NREM søvn, samt de neurologiske områder involveret i drømmetilstande. Test din viden om søvnens mystik og drømmenes verden.

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