Psycology Gnìomhachais: Psèòlas San Adhartas

Human Needs & Wants: Humans constantly have needs and desires, motivating them to acquire both tangible and intangible items.
Branch of Business Psychology: Business psychology is a practical branch of the broader field of psychology.
Focus of Business Psychology: This branch studies consumer psychology, advertising, and sales techniques, focusing on factors like customer interaction methods and sale processes.
Combined Approaches: An integrated approach, combining theoretical and practical aspects, is crucial.
Key Areas of Study: Different aspects of human psychology are studied like consumer testing, and sales strategies within various business contexts such as marketing of particular products or service.

Good Advertisements: Effective advertising clearly communicates the product's message, is memorable, and utilizes appropriate colours and repetition to maximize recall.
Factors of Effectiveness: A clear message, strong visuals, and prominent colours are key elements of effective advertising, with repetition strengthening message retention. This includes design and frequency of ads.

Marketing Definitions: The text offers multiple definitions of marketing, stressing its diverse applications in communicating products to consumers.
Marketing Scope: Marketing covers a broad range of activities, from initial product conception to delivery to the consumer. This includes the interplay of manufacturers, distributors, and consumers. Marketing is a dynamic and large process involving many actors.
Key Elements of Marketing: The primary role of marketing is getting products to those who need them, coordinating all activities from creation to consumption.
Marketing Process: Marketing is a process encompassing all aspects of product delivery, including initial design, pricing, distribution, and promotional activities.
Key Marketing Concepts: It includes concepts such as product design, pricing strategies, delivery networks, and consumer campaigns. This spans all steps in the supply chain.
Marketing Components: Multiple factors are involved, including the product itself, pricing, distribution channels, and promotional efforts. These are interconnected, and each plays a vital role.

Marketing as an Activity: Marketing spans a wide range of activities involving all stages of product delivery. From creation to reaching the customer.
Scope of Marketing: The scope of these activities varies widely and involves multiple stakeholders. Such as producers, distributors and consumers.
Scope Factors: Depending on specifics, marketing activities can extend from small to large scales and can be limited in scope, or have no limits.
Marketing Role: Marketing is not limited to sales; it encompasses all actions required to ensure products reach the target audience effectively by managing all processes in the creation to consumption stage.
Different Types of Marketing: Marketing processes and strategies can be tailored for different objectives.
Business Decisions: Marketing decisions impact the success or failure of a business and are affected by the context, type of product, and market conditions.

Exchange: The central element of marketing involves exchanging a needed item for a wanted item. This is an essential process in any market.
Exchange Methods: Exchange processes typically use financial or non-financial means.
Exchange Forms: There are various forms of exchange, including monetary transactions, barter, or gift exchange.
Relationship Exchanges: Marketing and exchange processes encompass varied circumstances and relationships.
Types of Exchange: Exchanges can be simple or complex, involving diverse products, services, or financial instruments. These extend beyond simple monetary transactions.

Product Classification: Products can be grouped based on characteristics like durability, user needs, or their price.
Durable vs. Non-durable: Products differ based on their lifespan, with some designed for lasting use and others for single-use purposes.
Essential vs. Non-essential: Products may be categorized based on consumer demand — some fulfil fundamental needs, while others offer conveniences or luxuries.
Product Features: Products can be classified based on traits, differentiating them into distinct groups.
Market-Based Product Classification: Products in certain markets may be classified based on their nature or lifespan.

A list of mathematical data or equations is included, likely representing calculations or results from market research or theoretical analysis. This is not explained.