Psychopharmacology of Antipsychotics

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Which of the following statements about serotonin and psychedelic drugs is true?

Antagonism at 5-HT2 receptors improves the side effect profile of newer antipsychotic medications. (correct)

The recurring hypothesis suggests NMDA receptor hypofunction is unrelated to serotonin activity.

Serotonin agonists are effective for both positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia.

LSD acts as an antagonist at 5-HT2 receptors.

What is a typical side effect of first-generation antipsychotics?

Severe mood swings.

Development of cognitive deficits.

Delay of ejaculation. (correct)

Hallucinations.

What is a suggested consequence of NMDA receptor hypofunction according to the content?

Excessive release of excitatory neurotransmitters causing potential cortical damage. (correct)

Increased serotonin levels leading to hallucinations.

Enhanced dopamine receptor activity leading to paranoid ideation.

Complete blockage of 5-HT2 receptors reducing hallucinations.

Which statement accurately describes the pharmacokinetics of first-generation antipsychotics?

They possess long half-lives, enabling infrequent dosing. Signup and view all the answers

What symptoms are primarily associated with the NMDA antagonists like ketamine?

Negative symptoms and cognitive deficits. Signup and view all the answers

What is one notable side effect associated with Clozapine?

Extreme weight gain Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antipsychotic medications has the least prescribed status due to side effects?

Risperidone Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is primarily an antagonist of the 5-HT2 receptor?

Serindole Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of Olanzapine?

Weight gain Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes Clozapine’s mechanism of action?

Antagonizes multiple types of receptors including D2, D3, and 5-HT1A Signup and view all the answers

What does Risperidone increase at higher doses?

Risk of extrapyramidal symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic side effect unique to Clozapine compared to other antipsychotics?

Decrease in seizure threshold Signup and view all the answers

What are the positive symptoms characteristic of schizophrenia?

Hallucinations and delusions Signup and view all the answers

Which antipsychotic medication is primarily used for treatment-resistant schizophrenia?

Clozapine Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of schizophrenia does the patient experience mood symptoms and social withdrawal?

Prodromal phase Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the dopaminergic theory of schizophrenia?

Dopamine Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary roles of antipsychotic drugs in treating schizophrenia?

Blocking dopamine receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms would be classified as a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

Anhedonia Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk associated with the combination of antipsychotic drugs and antidepressants?

Potential for serious adverse effects Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of tardive dyskinesia?

Involuntary hyperkinetic movements Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential irreversibility percentage of tardive dyskinesia in patients receiving FGAs?

10-20% Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter receptor does haloperidol primarily block to exert its effects?

D2 receptor Signup and view all the answers

What are the emotional and cognitive functions primarily associated with the mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways?

Emotional regulation and rewarding behaviors Signup and view all the answers

Which second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) block serotonin receptors more effectively than D2 receptors?

Olanzapine and Risperidone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is primarily used for tics in Tourette’s Syndrome?

Haloperidol Signup and view all the answers

Which antipsychotic has a lower risk of tardive dyskinesia compared to others?

Clozapine Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action for Quetiapine?

5-HT2/D2 receptor blocking action Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT a typical use of Quetiapine?

Generalized anxiety disorder Signup and view all the answers

Which potential side effect is associated with Ziprasidone?

Heart failure Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Aripiprazole in terms of hormonal effects?

It does not cause prolactin elevation. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a pharmacokinetic property of both Quetiapine and Ziprasidone?

Short biological half-life of approximately 6 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an off-label use for Aripiprazole?

Control of aggression and tantrums Signup and view all the answers

Which side effect is NOT commonly associated with Quetiapine?

Severe skin rash Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of Aripiprazole makes it favorable in terms of weight management?

Does not cause weight gain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that leads to the development of neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism?

Dopamine receptor blockade Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is commonly associated with akathisia?

Restlessness and pacing Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of blocking D2 receptors in the context of psychopharmacology?

Dry mouth and cognitive dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a side effect linked to norepinephrine-hypotension?

Sedation, blurred vision, and dry mouth Signup and view all the answers

What condition is typically the first acute extrapyramidal symptom that appears shortly after initiating treatment?

Acute dystonia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of dopaminergic blockade related to hormonal changes?

Breast enlargement and lactation Signup and view all the answers

What potential consequence could arise from the subjective feeling of anxiety associated with akathisia?

Increased risk for suicide Signup and view all the answers

What is a common physiological manifestation of neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism?

Tremors at rest and rigidity Signup and view all the answers