Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of Zopiclone (Imovane)?
What is the primary purpose of Zopiclone (Imovane)?
Which drug is classified as a melatonin receptor agonist?
Which drug is classified as a melatonin receptor agonist?
How do selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) primarily work?
How do selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) primarily work?
Which drug is commonly used to alleviate symptoms of anxiety disorders?
Which drug is commonly used to alleviate symptoms of anxiety disorders?
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Which drug is NOT classified as an antidepressant?
Which drug is NOT classified as an antidepressant?
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What is the primary function of Flurazepam (Dalmane)?
What is the primary function of Flurazepam (Dalmane)?
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Which type of drugs are used to treat bipolar and other mental health disorders?
Which type of drugs are used to treat bipolar and other mental health disorders?
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What do first-generation antipsychotic drugs primarily block?
What do first-generation antipsychotic drugs primarily block?
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Which neurotransmitter's receptors are antagonized by first-generation antipsychotic drugs?
Which neurotransmitter's receptors are antagonized by first-generation antipsychotic drugs?
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What are some significant adverse effects associated with first-generation antipsychotic drugs?
What are some significant adverse effects associated with first-generation antipsychotic drugs?
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Which drug is NOT classified as a mood stabilizer?
Which drug is NOT classified as a mood stabilizer?
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What is the primary action of antagonists in the context of first-generation antipsychotic drugs?
What is the primary action of antagonists in the context of first-generation antipsychotic drugs?
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What type of drugs did Ursula start out with?
What type of drugs did Ursula start out with?
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Which side effects caused Ursula to feel embarrassed?
Which side effects caused Ursula to feel embarrassed?
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Why did Ursula's psychiatrist try lowering her dosage of the first drug?
Why did Ursula's psychiatrist try lowering her dosage of the first drug?
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What effect did the second drug have on Ursula's movement problems?
What effect did the second drug have on Ursula's movement problems?
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What is a common side effect of second-generation antipsychotics according to the text?
What is a common side effect of second-generation antipsychotics according to the text?
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Why did Ursula state that she was getting fat with the new drugs?
Why did Ursula state that she was getting fat with the new drugs?
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Which type of side effects are fewer in second-generation antipsychotic drugs?
Which type of side effects are fewer in second-generation antipsychotic drugs?
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What symptoms do second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic drugs target?
What symptoms do second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic drugs target?
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Which of the following is NOT a second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic drug?
Which of the following is NOT a second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic drug?
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What side effect can Clozapine cause that requires immediate reporting of flu-like symptoms, sore throat, and fever?
What side effect can Clozapine cause that requires immediate reporting of flu-like symptoms, sore throat, and fever?
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Which second-generation antipsychotic drug can help in controlling hyperactivity quickly and is used for mania as well as psychosis?
Which second-generation antipsychotic drug can help in controlling hyperactivity quickly and is used for mania as well as psychosis?
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What condition can be caused by anti-psychotics and is characterized by a syndrome called Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)?
What condition can be caused by anti-psychotics and is characterized by a syndrome called Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)?
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What are the symptoms of an adverse reaction to dopamine receptor antagonist?
What are the symptoms of an adverse reaction to dopamine receptor antagonist?
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What may happen if rapid treatment is not sought for an adverse reaction to dopamine receptor antagonist?
What may happen if rapid treatment is not sought for an adverse reaction to dopamine receptor antagonist?
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Which drug is described as a dopamine stabilizer in the text?
Which drug is described as a dopamine stabilizer in the text?
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Which drug is NOT used for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) according to the text?
Which drug is NOT used for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) according to the text?
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Which drug acts as a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist?
Which drug acts as a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist?
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What can happen if treatment is not sought immediately for an adverse reaction to dopamine receptor antagonist?
What can happen if treatment is not sought immediately for an adverse reaction to dopamine receptor antagonist?
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Study Notes
Antianxiety and Hypnotic Drugs
- Flurazepam (Dalmane), Temazepam (Restoril), Triazolam (Halcion), Nitrazepam (Mogadon), Oxazepam (Serax) are examples of antianxiety and hypnotic drugs.
- Short-acting sedative-hypnotic sleep agents, such as Zopiclone (Imovane), are used for sleep.
- Melatonin receptor agonists, like Buspirone hydrochloride (Bustab), are also used for anxiety.
Antidepressant Drugs
- Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) include Nortriptyline hydrochloride (Aventyl, Norventyl), Amitriptyline hydrochloride (Elavil, Levate), and Imipramine hydrochloride (Impril).
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) include Fluoxetine hydrochloride (Prozac), Paroxetine hydrochloride (Paxil), Citalopram hydrobromide (Celexa), Escitalopram oxalate (Cipralex), Fluvoxamine maleate (Luvox), and Sertraline hydrochloride (Zoloft).
- SSRIs work by allowing more serotonin to be available at the synaptic gap.
Mood Stabilizers
- Lithium carbonate (Carbolith, Lithane, Lithmax) is used to treat bipolar and other mental health disorders.
- Anticonvulsant drugs, such as Valproate (available as sodium divalproex and valproic acid [Depakene]), Carbamazepine (Tegretol), Lamotrigine (Lamictal), Gabapentin (Neurontin), Topiramate (Topamax), and Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal), are also used to treat mood disorders.
Antipsychotic Drugs
- First-generation antipsychotic drugs, also known as conventional or typical antipsychotics, are strong antagonists that reduce dopamine transmission by blocking D2 receptors.
- Examples include Chlorpromazine (Thorazine), Haloperidol (Haldol), and Perphenazine (Trilafon).
- Second-generation antipsychotic drugs, also known as atypical antipsychotics, produce fewer extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) and target both negative and positive symptoms.
- Examples include Clozapine (Clozaril), Risperidone (Risperdal), Quetiapine fumarate (Seroquel), Olanzapine (Zyprexa), Ziprasidone hydrochloride monohydrate (Zeldox), Paliperidone (Invega), and Paliperidone palmitate (Invega Sustenna).
- Third-generation antipsychotic drugs, such as Aripiprazole (Abilify), are dopamine stabilizers.
Other Drugs
- Methylphenidate hydrochloride (Biphentin, Concerta, Ritalin) and Dextroamphetamines, such as amphetamine aspartate monohydrate (Adderall XR), are used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
- Donepezil hydrochloride (Aricept), Galantamine hydrobromide (Reminyl), Rivastigmine hydrogen tartrate (Exelon), and Memantine hydrochloride (Ebixa) are used to treat Alzheimer's disease.
Case Study
- Ursula's history of side effects and compliance issues suggest that she has taken an antipsychotic, initially a first-generation agent, which caused motor abnormalities, and then a second-generation product, which caused weight gain due to appetite stimulation.
- The second-generation antipsychotic's side effects include weight gain, which is affecting Ursula's self-image.
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Description
Learn about second-generation antipsychotic drugs that produce fewer extrapyramidal side effects, target both negative and positive symptoms, and are often chosen as first-line treatment. This quiz covers topics related to dopamine and serotonin blockers in atypical antipsychotics.
