Psychopharmacology in Psychosis Study Notes
96 Questions
4 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What hunting style did Homo Neanderthalensis primarily utilize?

  • Stealth hunting
  • Persistence hunters
  • Ambush larger prey (correct)
  • Pack hunting

    • Which physical attribute is characteristic of Homo sapiens?

  • Strong Achilles tendon (correct)
  • Large cranial volume
  • Stocky build
  • High night vision capability

    • Which cognitive feature is larger in Homo sapiens compared to Homo Neanderthalensis?

  • Orbital frontal cortex (correct)
  • Occipital cortex
  • Frontal lobe
  • Parietal cortex

    • What aspect of culture is attributed to Homo Neanderthalensis?

    <p>Complex tool making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which population event occurred around 70,000 years ago?

    <p>Behavioural explosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable genetic connection among modern humans?

    <p>They share common ancestry with all humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physical attribute did Homo Neanderthalensis possess?

    <p>Stockier and stronger build</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of vision was significant to the cognitive makeup of Homo Neanderthalensis?

    <p>Larger occipital cortex for night vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What age range is typically associated with the onset of psychosis?

    <p>Early 20s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a potential societal benefit of psychosis as suggested in the content?

    <p>Creative contributions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus of the readings for Week 2 regarding psychopharmacology?

    <p>Mechanisms of antipsychotic medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors was highlighted as a confounder in understanding psychosis?

    <p>Life challenges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is prominently discussed in relation to schizophrenia treatment?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the key findings from the study by Power et al. in 2015?

    <p>Creativity is linked with polygenic risk factors for schizophrenia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the analysis conducted by Srinivasan et al. in 2016, which aspect was investigated?

    <p>The relationship between schizophrenia genes and language processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the pharmacological interventions discussed?

    <p>To build a framework of brain functions and dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT included in the readings from Week 2?

    <p>Interpersonal therapy techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what is the likelihood that monozygotic twins (MZ twins) will both experience psychosis?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Throughout history, psychosis has been associated with which of the following roles?

    <p>Prophets and shamans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional topic is mentioned as an optional reading related to schizophrenia?

    <p>Nicotinic receptor as a target</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a notable finding regarding creativity and other mental health conditions in the studies referenced?

    <p>No link was found between creativity and non-creative professions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following readings specifically reviews factors influencing adherence to medication?

    <p>A Systematic Review of Factors Influencing Adherence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the critical outcomes aimed for according to the Week 2 class prep?

    <p>A comprehensive model of brain function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reading is suggested to provide insight into drug development for schizophrenia?

    <p>Glutamate Modulators for Treatment of Schizophrenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage chance of developing psychosis if an identical twin has it?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is NOT a reported risk factor for psychosis?

    <p>Increased physical activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'polygenetic risk' refer to in the context of psychosis?

    <p>Risk factors influenced by multiple genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glutamate neurons in the brain according to the information provided?

    <p>They decrease over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about childhood traumas is accurate?

    <p>They are cumulative in effect on psychosis risk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily responsible for communication within the brain?

    <p>Glutamate neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic factor can influence immigration as a risk factor for psychosis?

    <p>Urban population density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of a chronic connectivity problem in neural networks?

    <p>Disruptions in processing information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best predictor of outcomes in treatment according to the provided content?

    <p>The length of delayed treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for 'go' signals in the brain?

    <p>Glutamate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does dopamine play in the mesolimbic system?

    <p>It regulates the pleasure and fear response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many dopaminergic pathways are mentioned, and what do they primarily do?

    <p>Four pathways catering to specific brain functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does glutamate have on dopamine according to the content?

    <p>It modifies the impact of dopamine in the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is primarily involved in the mesolimbic system?

    <p>Limbic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'epigenetics' in the context provided?

    <p>Physical changes in the body influenced by external factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to brain neurons when they do not receive input as per the provided information?

    <p>They fail to work properly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the phasic dopamine release in psychosis?

    <p>It does not respond to the overactive dopamine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom can result from the dysfunction of the threat perception system in psychosis?

    <p>Overestimation of threat (paranoia).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the mesocortical dopamine neuron primarily play?

    <p>Maintains cognition and motivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In psychosis, how does the function of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) change?

    <p>It experiences cognitive impairment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is involved in the initiation of movement but not directly associated with psychosis?

    <p>Nigrostriatal System.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely result of taking drugs of abuse in someone with psychosis?

    <p>Over-activation of the pleasure system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the state of dopamine pathways in individuals with psychosis?

    <p>The mesocortical pathway is hypoactive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What benefit does dopamine provide to the mesocortical system?

    <p>Supports the health of dopamine neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of genes contributing to the risk of developing psychosis?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is associated with an increased risk of psychosis during childhood?

    <p>Childhood trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do glutamate neurons primarily play in the brain?

    <p>They facilitate communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic factor can vary and influence the risk of migration-related psychosis?

    <p>Socioeconomic status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do maternal factors like stress and malnutrition specifically affect the risk of psychosis?

    <p>They impact neural development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does paternal age have on the risk for psychosis?

    <p>Paternal age &gt;35 increases risk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to neurons that are not used over time?

    <p>They undergo pruning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the excitatory neurons in the brain change over time?

    <p>They decrease in number gradually.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary functions does the brainstem support?

    <p>Automating heart and lung functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is primarily associated with the hypothalamus?

    <p>Appetite control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many neurons are approximately estimated to reside in the human brain?

    <p>100 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant feature of a single neuron according to the information provided?

    <p>It can receive up to 150 million inputs in 3 milliseconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the thalamus within the diencephalon?

    <p>Relaying sensory and motor signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the communication capabilities of a neuron?

    <p>One neuron has an input capacity of 30,000 channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitters are mentioned as being vital for basic brain functions?

    <p>Serotonin, adrenaline, and dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of the cerebral cortex is highlighted in the context?

    <p>It has a staggering amount of information processing capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What size is the hypothalamus compared to a common object?

    <p>The size of an almond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitters are identified as key for appetite and motivation functions in the hypothalamus?

    <p>Serotonin and Noradrenaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the hypothalamus primarily regulate in relation to basic behaviors?

    <p>Primal behaviors such as appetite and reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the ‘zeitgeber’ from light input in the eyes serve?

    <p>Identifying day or night cycles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the initiation of behaviors such as food and water seeking, as regulated by the hypothalamus?

    <p>Appetitive motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following inputs is NOT specifically listed as feeding into the hypothalamus?

    <p>Sound input from the ears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a basic sexual function coordinated by the hypothalamus?

    <p>Mounting behavior in males</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What basic need does the hypothalamus signal regarding fluid intake?

    <p>It signals when we need to seek water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does a hyperactive dopamine pathway have in psychosis?

    <p>Increases threat perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of hypoactive dopamine pathways in the mesocortical system during psychosis?

    <p>Cognitive impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is responsible for the initiation of movement?

    <p>Nigrostriatal System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does drug abuse impact the dopamine pathways in individuals experiencing psychosis?

    <p>It leads to over-activation of dopamine pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the prefrontal cortex (PFC) play in relation to dopamine activity?

    <p>Enables cognition and motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dysfunction is specifically noted in the threat perception system during psychosis?

    <p>Overestimates threat perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the nigrostriatal system from the mesocortical system in psychosis?

    <p>It is unaffected during psychosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge faced by individuals with psychosis in relation to dopamine pathways?

    <p>Reduced ability to interpret social cues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for most antipsychotics?

    <p>Antagonism at D2 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common long-acting injection of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs)?

    <p>Chlorpromazine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) from first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs)?

    <p>SGAs have fewer side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antipsychotics is an example of a first-generation antipsychotic (FGA)?

    <p>Haloperidol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential drawback of first-generation antipsychotic long-acting injections?

    <p>Complex pharmacokinetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is classified as a second-generation antipsychotic (SGA)?

    <p>Clozapine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The introduction of long-acting injections of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) primarily aims to achieve what?

    <p>Enhance adherence to treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What class of antipsychotics is generally considered more favorable due to a better side effect profile?

    <p>Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is characterized by sharp muscle spasms in the face and neck following antipsychotic use?

    <p>Acute dystonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does akathisia describe in relation to antipsychotic side effects?

    <p>Inner restlessness and inability to stay still</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of parkinsonism as a side effect of antipsychotics?

    <p>Shuffling gait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a long-term side effect, occurring after years of antipsychotic treatment, characterized by involuntary movements of the mouth and lips?

    <p>Tardive dyskinesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of side effects are described as 'other' effects linked to cardiometabolic issues from antipsychotic use?

    <p>Endocrine symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential impact do second-generation antipsychotics have on the heart?

    <p>Affect its rhythmicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For how long does parkinsonism typically manifest after starting antipsychotic treatment?

    <p>Months to years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is often stigmatised and is characterized by abnormal mouth and lip movements?

    <p>Tardive dyskinesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Week 2 - 11th Oct Study Notes

    • Topic: Psychopharmacology in Psychosis - Pathways and Therapies
    • Reading list: PSBS0005: Current Research in Psychosis and Bipolar | University College London
    • Location: Birkbeck Mallet St Room B36
    • Lecturer: Derek Tracy (SLAM NHS Trust)
    • Class Preparation: Antipsychotics, Dopamine and Glutamate in Schizophrenia, Glutamate in Schizophrenia, Treatment with Medication, Factors Influencing Adherence to Antipsychotic Medication in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders, Dementia Praecox Redux, Glutamate Modulators for Treatment of Schizophrenia, Treatment-Refractory Schizophrenia, Hominin Evolution I & II, Prep intro lecture: Pharmacological Interventions in Mental Health
    • Additional Reading: Optional material on Realising Stratified Psychiatry, etc.
    • Specific Topics:
      • Brain Anatomy: Overview of brain anatomy, primal activity, evolution of the nervous system, prefrontal cortex
      • Brain as Device: The brain is an elaborate communication device with a million synapses, billions of neurons, and trillions of connections; capable of processing vast amounts of information in milliseconds
      • Evolutionary Psychology: The brain's development was based on the primal need to survive and develop sophisticated functions
      • Hominin Evolution: Details on human development and their specific characteristics
      • Neurotransmitters: Serotonin, Noradrenaline, Adrenaline, Dopamine
      • Brain Divisions: Brainstem, Forebrain (Diencephalon and Cerebrum), Temporal lobe, Parietal lobe, Occipital lobe, Frontal lobe
      • Neurobiology and Treatment of Psychosis: The definitions of psychosis and normal behaviour, why it persists, how different thought processes have been viewed throughout history, epidemiology of the condition's association, and a variety of studies
      • Antipsychotics: Mechanism of action (blocking D2 receptors in the mesolimbic pathway), classification( conventional vs. atypical), side effects (extrapyramidal symptoms, hyperprolactinemia, weight gain), and basic principles in prescribing.
    • Important Note: The provided text emphasizes the importance of understanding the complexity of the brain and the variability in responses to treatments. It also highlights the potential for a variety of factors, including genetic, environmental and life experience as influencing psychosis. Careful analysis and nuanced assessments are needed.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    P&B Lecture 2 - Psychopharmacology PDF

    Description

    Dive into the intricate world of psychopharmacology as it relates to psychosis in this week's study notes. Focus on key topics such as antipsychotics, the role of dopamine and glutamate in schizophrenia, and factors influencing medication adherence. Prepare for a deeper understanding of therapeutic interventions and brain anatomy.

    More Like This

    Antipsychotics and Mood Stabilizers Quiz
    10 questions

    Antipsychotics and Mood Stabilizers Quiz

    FlawlessMemphis avatar
    FlawlessMemphis
    Comorbid Schizophrenia Treatment
    18 questions

    Comorbid Schizophrenia Treatment

    AdaptableTantalum avatar
    AdaptableTantalum
    Antipsychotics and Psychosis
    22 questions

    Antipsychotics and Psychosis

    GlimmeringBixbite avatar
    GlimmeringBixbite
    Psych
    45 questions

    Psych

    UserReplaceableTriangle4061 avatar
    UserReplaceableTriangle4061
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser