Psychopharmacology Ethical Considerations Quiz

<p>Ultra-rapid metabolizers (UMs) are likely to experience reduced efficacy, while poor metabolizers (PMs) have higher rates of adverse events. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It highlights the risk of increased rates of adverse events in CYP2D6 poor metabolizers and recommends dosing adjustment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Being sensitive to diversity and demonstrating multicultural competence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It could be based on cultural background differences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The potential for misuse through an authoritarian approach. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may not be acceptable or may create discomfort. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ongoing process, not a one-time event. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Is there a risk of harm when not addressing pharmacological issues? (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To stay current with evidence based medicine. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When clearly indicated with a strong evidence base. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polymorphism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drug metabolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drug-metabolizing enzyme activities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By modifying drug clearance rates and therapeutic effects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diminished efficacy or increased toxicity to certain drugs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pharmacokinetics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First-pass metabolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Route of administration does not compensate for variations in pharmacokinetic systems. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenytoin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cimetidine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clozapine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbamazepine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cimetidine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Warfarin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5-fold (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initiate at 0.5 mg/kg/day (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Degrades catecholamines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Valine to methionine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4-5 times lower (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced rate of response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serotonin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>After 4 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzyme induction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases systemic exposure of a substrate drug. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased dosage requirements for certain drugs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may require dosage adjustments or alternative drugs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The second drug may accumulate to toxic levels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Understanding diverse social, cultural, spiritual, and sexual backgrounds of patients.

Preconceived notions that affect decision-making in patient care.

Ongoing process where patients understand treatment risks and benefits.

Protecting patient privacy as a core ethical duty.

Sharing personal experiences in a therapeutic context, used sparingly.

Differences between practitioner's and patient's cultural norms and beliefs.

Using medications that have solid research support for their effectiveness.

Using medications only when indicated, based on patient needs and evidence.

The gene has two promoter variants: short (S) and long (L).

The SLC6A4 gene encodes a protein that reabsorbs serotonin into neurons.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors that increase serotonin in synapse.

The short allele (S) has lower transcription rates, impacting SSRI efficacy.

Atomoxetine is metabolized by CYP2D6; poor metabolizers face higher risks.

Occurrence of two or more distinct phenotypes due to genetic variations.

A family of enzymes involved in drug metabolism, primarily in the liver.

Genetic variations affecting drug metabolism and patients' responses.

Study of how drugs move through the body and their concentration over time.

Study of how drugs affect the body and their mechanism of action at targets.

Genetic variations that result in different levels of enzyme activity affecting drug response.

Frequency of drug-metabolizing gene variants varies among ethnic groups.

Initial metabolism of a drug in the liver before it reaches systemic circulation.

Enzymes that bioactivate substances into active compounds.

When one drug affects the metabolism of another, causing changes in effectiveness or toxicity.

An increase in the amount and activity of a metabolizing enzyme.

Decreases the rate of drug metabolism, increasing exposure and potential side effects.

Induction may require higher doses to maintain effective drug levels in the body.

A gene that encodes an enzyme important for drug metabolism.

Individuals with reduced enzyme activity that affects drug metabolism.

Initiate at 0.5 mg/kg/day for CYP2D6 PMs; adjust if needed after 4 weeks.

Catechol-O-methyltransferase; an enzyme that breaks down norepinephrine and dopamine.

A genetic variant leading to amino acid substitution affecting enzyme activity.

Individuals with two copies of the Met allele, showing reduced COMT activity.

Met/Met carriers show a reduced response to stimulant medications due to low COMT activity.

They recycle neurotransmitters or assist in their degradation in the synapse.

Medications processed by the 2D6 enzyme, affecting drug metabolism.

Drugs that block the activity of the 2D6 enzyme, increasing other drug levels.

Agents that increase the activity of the 2D6 enzyme, decreasing drug levels.

Medications metabolized by the 1A2 enzyme, essential for their efficacy.

Substances that hinder the 1A2 enzyme's function, leading to higher drug concentrations.

Compounds that boost the activity of the 1A2 enzyme, leading to lower drug effectiveness.

Medications that rely on the 2C9 enzyme for metabolism and efficacy.

Agents that block 2C9 enzyme activity, impacting drug levels and effects.

Medications metabolized by the 2C19 enzyme, influencing their effectiveness.

Substances that suppress the function of the 2C19 enzyme, altering drug effects.