Biomedical Therapy and Psychopharmacology
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Questions and Answers

What is biomedical therapy?

Prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person's physiology.

What is psychopharmacology?

The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior.

What are antipsychotic drugs used for?

Used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder.

What do antianxiety drugs do?

<p>They are used to control anxiety and agitation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are antidepressant drugs used for?

<p>They are used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

<p>A biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)?

<p>The application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is psychosurgery?

<p>Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a lobotomy?

<p>A psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does resilience refer to in psychological terms?

<p>The personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and trauma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is posttraumatic growth?

<p>Positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the placebo effect?

<p>Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are 3 types of drug treatments?

<p>Antidepressant drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two types of therapy/treatment for psychological disorders like schizophrenia?

<p>Biomedical</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the most widely used biomedical treatments today?

<p>Drug therapies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of double-blind studies in evaluating a drug's effectiveness?

<p>They help avoid the placebo effect and researcher's bias.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two rates do researchers subtract when evaluating the enthusiasm about a new treatment?

<p>Normal recovery among untreated persons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are psychoses?

<p>Disorders in which hallucinations or delusions indicate some loss of contact with reality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are 3 criticisms of drug therapies?

<p>They reduce symptoms without resolving underlying problems, can become addictive, and can produce withdrawal symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is neurogenesis?

<p>The birth of new brain cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the analyses of Irving Kirsch and his colleagues indicate about placebos?

<p>Placebos accounted for about 75 percent of the active drug's effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do researchers evaluate the effectiveness of particular drug therapies?

<p>By assigning people to treatment and no-treatment conditions to compare improvements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The drugs given most often to treat depression are called _____________. Schizophrenia is often treated with ____________ drugs.

<p>antidepressants; antipsychotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is brain stimulation used in treating specific disorders?

<p>Using electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for severely depressed patients, along with other treatments like rTMS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is psychosurgery used in treating specific disorders?

<p>It removes or destroys brain tissue in hopes of modifying behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are 2 other neural stimulation techniques that treat depression?

<p>Magnetic stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Severe depression that has not responded to other therapy may be treated with __________ ______________, which can cause brain seizures and memory loss.

<p>electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of lifestyle changes we can make to enhance our mental health?

<p>Eat a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rationale for preventive mental health programs?

<p>They aim to prevent psychological disorders by fostering nurturing environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to develop resilience?

<p>It helps in preventing psychological disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did George Albee note about improving a person's condition?

<p>It helps ward off psychological disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between preventive mental health and psychological or biomedical therapy?

<p>Preventive mental health aims to prevent suffering by addressing root causes, while psychological and biomedical therapies relieve existing suffering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Biomedical Therapy

  • Involves prescribed medications or procedures that directly influence a person's physiology.
  • Commonly used for treating psychological disorders.

Psychopharmacology

  • The study focused on how drugs affect mind and behavior.

Types of Medications

  • Antipsychotic drugs treat schizophrenia and severe thought disorders by blocking dopamine activity.
  • Antianxiety drugs manage anxiety and agitation but can be addictive.
  • Antidepressant drugs address depression, anxiety, OCD, and PTSD, with SSRIs being a prevalent class.

Brain Stimulation Treatments

  • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) serves as a last resort for severe depression by inducing electric currents through the brain.
  • Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applies magnetic pulses to influence brain activity.

Psychosurgery

  • Involves surgical interventions to modify behavior by removing or destroying brain tissue, though now rarely practiced due to irreversibility.
  • Lobotomy, a historical procedure, aimed to calm emotional patients but resulted in significant side effects.

Resilience and Posttraumatic Growth

  • Resilience refers to personal strength helping individuals cope with stress and recover from challenges.
  • Posttraumatic growth signifies positive psychological changes after facing life crises.

Placebo Effect

  • Indicates that a person's expectations can lead to perceived improvements in their condition when an inert treatment is administered.

Effectiveness of Drug Therapies

  • Double-blind studies help eliminate bias and isolate the drug's actual effects by comparing treated individuals to untreated controls.
  • Critiques of drug therapies include symptom reduction without addressing root causes and the potential for addiction.

Lifestyle and Mental Health

  • Healthy lifestyle choices, such as exercise and nutrition, can alleviate symptoms of depression and improve mental well-being.
  • The biopsychosocial model emphasizes the interconnectedness of mental, physical, and social factors in health.

Preventive Mental Health

  • Seeks to prevent psychological disorders by creating supportive environments that foster resilience and self-confidence.
  • George Albee emphasized enhancing personal conditions like finances and self-esteem to mitigate the risk of psychological disorders.

Community and Effectiveness

  • Community psychologists focus on preventive strategies to address conditions leading to psychological issues.
  • Understanding stress's impact on health and managing it through integrated approaches can lead to improved outcomes.

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Description

Explore the fundamental aspects of biomedical therapy and psychopharmacology in treating psychological disorders. This quiz covers types of medications, brain stimulation treatments, and psychosurgery methods. Test your knowledge on how these interventions influence mind and behavior.

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