Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is classified as a depressant?
Which of the following is classified as a depressant?
- Heroin
- Nicotine
- Caffeine
- Alcohol (correct)
Those who are highly hypnotizable are especially at risk for?
Those who are highly hypnotizable are especially at risk for?
False memories
The effects of chronic sleep deprivation include?
The effects of chronic sleep deprivation include?
- Suppression of the immune system
- Altered metabolic and hormonal functioning
- Misperceptions on monotonous tasks
- All of the above (correct)
The sleep cycle is approximately ______ minutes.
The sleep cycle is approximately ______ minutes.
Mr. Dayton occasionally stops breathing while sleeping. He wakes up to snort air for a few seconds before falling back to sleep. Mrs. Dayton complains that her husband snores. Clearly, Mr. Dayton suffers from?
Mr. Dayton occasionally stops breathing while sleeping. He wakes up to snort air for a few seconds before falling back to sleep. Mrs. Dayton complains that her husband snores. Clearly, Mr. Dayton suffers from?
Stage 4 sleep appears to play an important role in?
Stage 4 sleep appears to play an important role in?
Which of the following is NOT a theory of dreaming mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT a theory of dreaming mentioned?
Alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and a wide variety of other chemical agents that alter perceptions and moods are called?
Alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and a wide variety of other chemical agents that alter perceptions and moods are called?
Night terrors typically occur during?
Night terrors typically occur during?
About two hours after he falls asleep, Bobby often sits up in bed screaming incoherently. His mother tries to awaken him, but with no success. His pulse races and he gasps for breath. The next morning, he remembers nothing. It appears that Bobby suffers from?
About two hours after he falls asleep, Bobby often sits up in bed screaming incoherently. His mother tries to awaken him, but with no success. His pulse races and he gasps for breath. The next morning, he remembers nothing. It appears that Bobby suffers from?
Which of the following drugs is classified as a stimulant?
Which of the following drugs is classified as a stimulant?
Which of the following will probably occur if Wesley repeatedly uses an addictive, euphoria-producing drug?
Which of the following will probably occur if Wesley repeatedly uses an addictive, euphoria-producing drug?
Match the following answers.
Match the following answers.
The visual and auditory areas of the brain are the most active during ________ sleep.
The visual and auditory areas of the brain are the most active during ________ sleep.
Alcohol has the most profound effect on?
Alcohol has the most profound effect on?
Which of the following is characteristic of REM sleep?
Which of the following is characteristic of REM sleep?
After being disturbed during REM sleep, tonight, Tim will likely experience?
After being disturbed during REM sleep, tonight, Tim will likely experience?
Cocaine and crack produce a euphoric rush by?
Cocaine and crack produce a euphoric rush by?
Which of the following drugs contributes to the greatest number of deaths?
Which of the following drugs contributes to the greatest number of deaths?
Raymond now works days after four years of working nights. His difficulty in getting to sleep at night is most likely due to a disruption of his normal?
Raymond now works days after four years of working nights. His difficulty in getting to sleep at night is most likely due to a disruption of his normal?
After about an hour, Carlos was most likely experiencing?
After about an hour, Carlos was most likely experiencing?
Although her eyes are closed and she's very relaxed, Steplanna has not yet fallen asleep. An EEG is most likely to indicate the presence of?
Although her eyes are closed and she's very relaxed, Steplanna has not yet fallen asleep. An EEG is most likely to indicate the presence of?
Which of the following statements concerning alcoholism is NOT true?
Which of the following statements concerning alcoholism is NOT true?
According to the research presented, the lowest rates of drug use among high school seniors is reported by?
According to the research presented, the lowest rates of drug use among high school seniors is reported by?
Feli has been asleep for 3 hours. As he continues to sleep, we can expect that ________ sleep will diminish and that ________ sleep will increase in duration.
Feli has been asleep for 3 hours. As he continues to sleep, we can expect that ________ sleep will diminish and that ________ sleep will increase in duration.
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Study Notes
Psychopharmacology and Sleep Disorders
- Alcohol is classified as a depressant, affecting mood and cognitive functions.
- Psychotropic substances, such as alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine, are known as psychoactive drugs due to their effects on perception and mood.
- Stimulants like nicotine increase alertness and can lead to addiction.
Hypnosis and Memory
- Individuals with high hypnotizability are more prone to developing false memories, raising concerns in therapeutic settings.
Sleep Patterns and Disorders
- Chronic sleep deprivation can lead to various negative effects including immune system suppression, hormonal imbalances, misperception during tasks, and increased accident risks.
- The sleep cycle lasts approximately 90 minutes, repeating multiple times during the night.
- Sleep apnea is characterized by interruptions in breathing during sleep, often accompanied by snoring.
- Night terrors typically occur during Stage 4 sleep, manifesting as intense fear or confusion while sleeping.
- REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep is linked to increased brain activity, including visual and auditory processing, and is the stage where dreams are often vivid.
Effects of Sleep Stages
- Stage 4 sleep is critical for physical growth and development.
- REM sleep is associated with genital arousal and increased heart rate, rare in other sleep stages.
- After repeated disturbances during REM sleep, individuals may experience a rebound effect, leading to increased REM sleep during the following undisturbed night.
Drug Effects and Risks
- Cocaine and crack create euphoria by blocking dopamine reuptake in the brain, stimulating pleasure centers.
- Alcohol contributes to the greatest number of drug-related deaths among substances.
- Users of euphoric drugs may develop tolerance, requiring higher dosages for the same effect, and will likely experience depression after each use.
Circadian Rhythm and Sleep Patterns
- Circadian rhythm disruptions, often experienced by shift workers, can lead to difficulties in initiating sleep during intended hours.
- In the sleep cycle, stage 4 sleep diminishes over the night while REM sleep increases in duration.
Observational Indicators
- Alpha waves, indicative of relaxation, can be detected via EEG when an individual is awake but calm.
- Characteristics of REM sleep include rapid eye movement and fluctuating heart rates, marking this stage distinctively from others.
Drug Use Trends
- Research indicates that black males report the lowest rates of drug use among high school seniors, providing insight into demographic differences in substance use.
- It is a misconception that adopted individuals are more susceptible to alcoholism if they had an alcoholic adoptive parent; rather, genetic factors play a significant role in addiction likelihood.
Memory and Eyewitness Testimony
- Attention to the accuracy of eyewitness testimonies is crucial in legal settings, and factors affecting memory recall must be critically assessed.
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