Psychology Week 7 & 8: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

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Questions and Answers

What term describes the conversion of stimuli into neural signals?

Perception

Sensory Adaptation

Transduction (correct)

Sensation

Sensory adaptation refers to an increased sensitivity to stimuli after constant exposure.

False

Name the three stores of memory.

Sensory, Working, Long-term

The _____ sensory system is responsible for detecting flavor and odor.

chemical Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of learning with their definitions:

Classical Conditioning = Linking stimuli to evoke a response Operant Conditioning = Behavior changes due to reinforcements or punishments Observational Learning = Learning by watching others Non-Associative Learning = Changes in response without linking stimuli Signup and view all the answers

Which structure of the brain is primarily associated with processing emotions?

Amygdala Signup and view all the answers

False memories are accurate recollections of past events.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main categories of memory?

Declarative and Non-Declarative Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes sensation from perception?

Sensation is the raw data received through our senses, while perception is the brain's interpretation of this sensory data. Signup and view all the answers

How do classical conditioning and operant conditioning differ in their approach to learning?

Classical conditioning involves linking two stimuli to elicit a response, while operant conditioning focuses on modifying behavior through reinforcements or punishments. Signup and view all the answers

What role do sensory receptors play in the sensory process?

Sensory receptors detect stimuli from the environment and convert these signals into neural information sent to the brain. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of emotional hijacking and its implications.

Emotional hijacking refers to a situation where overwhelming emotions impair our ability to think clearly and make rational decisions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of observational learning, as demonstrated in Bandura's Bobo Doll experiment?

Observational learning highlights how individuals can acquire new behaviors by watching others, demonstrating the role of social influences in learning. Signup and view all the answers

How do emotions affect the strength of memory formation?

Emotions can enhance memory strength, making emotionally charged events more likely to be retained and recalled. Signup and view all the answers

What is sensory adaptation, and give an example.

Sensory adaptation is the process whereby sensitivity to a stimulus decreases after prolonged exposure; for example, becoming less aware of a strong smell over time. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the difference between declarative and non-declarative memory.

Declarative memory involves conscious recall of facts and events, while non-declarative memory entails unconscious skills and habitual actions. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

WEEK 7: SENSATION AND PERCEPTION

Sensation is the raw data senses receive.
Perception is how the brain interprets sensory data.
Six senses are sight, hearing, taste, smell, touch, and balance.
Sensory receptors and neurons detect stimuli and send information to the brain.
Transduction converts stimuli into neural signals.
Sensory adaptation is reduced sensitivity after constant exposure.
Sensory pathways route signals to the brain for processing.
Smell and taste are chemical senses.
Pain is a body warning mechanism.
Stress reduces pain sensitivity.

WEEK 8: LEARNING

Reflexes and instincts are involuntary, innate behaviors.
Learned behaviors change with experience.
Associative learning involves linking stimuli and responses.
Classical conditioning (Pavlov's dog) involves linking a neutral stimulus with a meaningful one.
Operant conditioning (Skinner's box) involves consequences affecting behavior.
Reinforcement strengthens behavior; punishment weakens it.
Schedules of reinforcement vary, including continuous and partial.
Observational learning involves learning by observing others.
Cognitive processes (attention, retention, reproduction, motivation) are involved in observational learning.

WEEK 9: EMOTIONS AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

Emotions are responses to stimuli.
Emotions differ from moods.
Emotional theories exist, like Ekman and Plutchik's models.
Brain structures like the amygdala, thalamus, and hippocampus are involved in emotions.

WEEK 9: MEMORY

Memory involves stages including encoding, storage, and retrieval.
Memory types include sensory, working, and long-term.
Declarative (explicit) and non-declarative (implicit) memory exist.
Emotions affect memory strength.
False memories are inaccuracies in recall.

WEEK 10: PERSONALITY AND PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT

Personality traits include openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
Psychodynamic, behavioral, and humanistic perspectives explain personality formation.
Assessments include self-report inventories and projective tests.

WEEK 11: PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS

DSM-5 classifies mental disorders.
Disorders include anxiety, mood, schizophrenia, and personality disorders.

WEEK 12: PSYCHOTHERAPY APPROACHES

Various therapies exist, including family, humanistic, Gestalt, cognitive behavioral, and psychodynamic approaches.

WEEK 13: STRESS AND COPING MECHANISMS

Stress involves stressors, strain, and burnout.
Stress models include response, stimulus, and interactionist models.
Coping mechanisms and resilience are essential in handling stress.

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Description

Explore the concepts of sensation and perception, including sensory data and transduction, as well as learning theories such as classical and operant conditioning. This quiz will test your understanding of how we process and interpret sensory information and the mechanisms behind learning behaviors. Dive into the fascinating interplay between our sensory experiences and our learned responses.