Psychology Unit 6 Conditioning Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is Classical Conditioning (CC)?

  • A type of behavior driven by instinct
  • A type of physical conditioning
  • A type of learning that relies on reinforcement
  • A type of learning that links two or more stimuli (correct)

    • What does a Neutral Stimulus (NS) elicit before conditioning?

    No response

    What is an Unconditioned Response (UR)?

    An unlearned, naturally occurring response to an unconditioned stimulus (US)

    What is an Unconditioned Stimulus (US)?

    <p>A stimulus that automatically triggers a response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Conditioned Response (CR)?

    <p>A learned response to a conditioned stimulus (CS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Conditioned Stimulus (CS)?

    <p>An originally irrelevant stimulus that triggers a conditioned response after association</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is High-Order Conditioning?

    <p>Noticing specific attributes of a neutral stimulus that elicits a response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Extinction in classical conditioning refer to?

    <p>The reduction of the conditioned response when the CS is no longer paired with the US</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Spontaneous Recovery?

    <p>The reappearance of a conditioned response after a pause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Acquisition in classical conditioning?

    <p>The act of linking the neutral stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Generalization refer to in classical conditioning?

    <p>Linking similar stimuli to the neutral stimulus after conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Discrimination in classical conditioning?

    <p>Learning to distinguish between the conditioned stimulus and other stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Operant Conditioning?

    <p>A type of learning in which behavior is influenced by reinforcement or punishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Reinforcement?

    <p>Any event that strengthens the behavior it follows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Positive Reinforcement?

    <p>Increasing behaviors by adding positive stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Negative Reinforcement?

    <p>Increasing behaviors by removing negative stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Positive Punishment?

    <p>Decreasing behaviors by adding negative stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Negative Punishment?

    <p>Decreasing behaviors by removing positive stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Fixed-Ratio Schedule?

    <p>A reinforcement schedule that rewards after a specific number of responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Variable-Ratio Schedule?

    <p>A reinforcement schedule that rewards after a random number of responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Fixed-Interval Schedule?

    <p>A reinforcement schedule that rewards after a specified time period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Variable-Interval Schedule?

    <p>A reinforcement schedule that rewards after a random time period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Classical Conditioning (CC)

    • A learning process linking stimuli to anticipate outcomes.
    • Involves various components like neutral stimuli and responses.

    Neutral Stimulus (NS)

    • A stimulus that triggers no initial response before conditioning occurs.

    Unconditioned Response (UR)

    • An automatic, unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus (US).

    Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

    • A naturally occurring stimulus that triggers an unconditioned response without prior learning.

    Conditioned Response (CR)

    • A learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus (CS) that was previously neutral.

    Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

    • An initially irrelevant stimulus that, after being paired with a US, triggers a conditioned response.

    High-Order Conditioning

    • Involves associating specific attributes of a neutral stimulus to elicit a response based on those attributes, such as associating a higher-pitched sound with food.

    Extinction

    • Occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer linked to the unconditioned stimulus, leading to a decrease in the conditioned response.

    Spontaneous Recovery

    • The re-emergence of a conditioned response after a pause, often after re-pairing the CS with the US more quickly than initial conditioning.

    Acquisition

    • The process of linking a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to create a conditioned response.

    Generalization

    • The tendency to respond similarly to stimuli that share characteristics with the conditioned stimulus.

    Discrimination

    • The ability to differentiate between the conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus.

    Operant Conditioning

    • A form of learning where behaviors are reinforced or weakened through reinforcers or punishers.

    Reinforcement

    • Any consequence that increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring again.

    Positive Reinforcement (PR)

    • Increases behavior by adding a desirable stimulus.

    Negative Reinforcement (NR)

    • Increases behavior by removing an undesirable stimulus.

    Positive Punishment (PP)

    • Decreases a behavior by introducing a negative consequence.

    Negative Punishment (NP)

    • Decreases behavior by taking away a positive stimulus.

    Fixed-Ratio Schedule

    • A reinforcement schedule that rewards a response after a defined number of responses.

    Variable-Ratio Schedule

    • A reinforcement schedule that provides rewards after a variable number of responses, leading to high and steady response rates.

    Fixed-Interval Schedule

    • A reinforcement schedule that delivers reward after a specific duration of time has passed.

    Variable-Interval Schedule

    • A reinforcement schedule that delivers rewards at unpredictable time intervals, resulting in a consistent response rate.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of classical conditioning with these flashcards from Unit 6. Each card defines key terms such as unconditioned response and neutral stimulus, helping you to solidify your understanding of this fundamental learning concept. Perfect for psychology students seeking to enhance their grasp of conditioning theories.

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