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Questions and Answers
What is classical conditioning?
The process of learning through association.
What is an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in classical conditioning?
A natural or unlearned stimulus that triggers a natural response.
What is a conditioned stimulus (CS) in classical conditioning?
A stimulus that is associated with an unconditioned stimulus.
What is stimulus generalization in classical conditioning?
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What is discrimination in classical conditioning?
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What is the difference between extinction and recovery in the context of behavior?
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What is the term for the quick re-association of stimuli following extinction?
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What is the process of learning through positive and negative consequences of behavior called?
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What is the term for a stimulus that reinforces a behavior after it has been associated with a primary reinforcer?
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What is the rule that dictates the situations in which behavior will be reinforced?
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Study Notes
Classical Conditioning
- A fundamental concept in psychology that describes the process of learning associations between stimuli and responses
- Developed by Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, through his experiments with dogs
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) and Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
- Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without any prior learning
- Conditioned Stimulus (CS): a neutral stimulus that becomes associated with the UCS to elicit a similar response
Stimulus Generalization and Discrimination
- Stimulus Generalization: the process of responding to similar stimuli in a similar way, even if they are not identical to the original stimulus
- Discrimination: the ability to distinguish between similar stimuli and respond differently to each one
Extinction and Recovery
- Extinction: the process of eliminating a conditioned response by repeatedly presenting the CS without the UCS
- Recovery: the spontaneous reappearance of a conditioned response after a period of extinction
- Spontaneous Recovery: the quick re-association of stimuli following extinction
Operant Conditioning
- A process of learning through positive and negative consequences of behavior
- Involves association between behavior and its consequences, leading to changes in behavior
Reinforcement
- A stimulus that increases the probability of a behavior occurring
- Primary Reinforcer: a stimulus that naturally reinforces a behavior, such as food or water
- Secondary Reinforcer: a stimulus that reinforces a behavior after it has been associated with a primary reinforcer, such as money or praise
Reinforcement Rules
- The rules that dictate the situations in which behavior will be reinforced, shaping the behavior of an individual
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Description
Test your knowledge on classical conditioning, a learning process based on association between stimuli and responses. Explore concepts like unconditioned stimulus, conditioned response, and more through practical examples.
