Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of memory is responsible for brief storage of sensory information in sensory registers?
Which type of memory is responsible for brief storage of sensory information in sensory registers?
What is the process of transferring information from Short-Term Memory to Long-Term Memory?
What is the process of transferring information from Short-Term Memory to Long-Term Memory?
Which theory of forgetting suggests that new information interferes with existing memories?
Which theory of forgetting suggests that new information interferes with existing memories?
What is the process of interpreting and understanding sensory information from the environment?
What is the process of interpreting and understanding sensory information from the environment?
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Which type of processing involves analysis of basic sensory features to form a complete perception?
Which type of processing involves analysis of basic sensory features to form a complete perception?
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What is the theory of perception that suggests perception is a direct result of sensory information?
What is the theory of perception that suggests perception is a direct result of sensory information?
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Which factor influences perception by selectively focusing on certain stimuli or tasks?
Which factor influences perception by selectively focusing on certain stimuli or tasks?
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What is the process of taking in information and storing it in memory?
What is the process of taking in information and storing it in memory?
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Study Notes
Memory
Types of Memory:
- Sensory Memory: brief storage of sensory information in sensory registers (e.g., iconic memory for visual, echoic memory for auditory)
- Short-Term Memory (STM): limited capacity, information held for seconds to minutes
- Long-Term Memory (LTM): permanent storage, unlimited capacity, information retained for extended periods
Memory Processes:
- Encoding: process of taking in information and storing it in memory
- Consolidation: process of transferring information from STM to LTM
- Retrieval: process of accessing stored information from memory
Forgetting:
- Decay Theory: memories fade over time due to lack of use
- Interference Theory: new information interferes with existing memories
- Repression: unconscious forgetting of traumatic or painful memories
Perception
Definition:
- Perception: the process of interpreting and understanding sensory information from the environment
Bottom-Up vs. Top-Down Processing:
- Bottom-Up Processing: analysis of basic sensory features (e.g., line, color) to form a complete perception
- Top-Down Processing: use of higher-level knowledge and expectations to influence perception
Factors Influencing Perception:
- Attention: selective focus on certain stimuli or tasks
- Context: surrounding environment and prior experiences affect perception
- Expectations: prior knowledge and biases influence perception
- Motivation: goals and desires influence perception
- Emotions: emotional state affects perception
Theories of Perception:
- Direct Perception Theory: perception is a direct result of sensory information
- Constructivist Theory: perception is an active construction of reality based on past experiences and expectations
Memory
Types of Memory
- Sensory Memory: brief storage of sensory information in sensory registers, e.g., iconic memory for visual, echoic memory for auditory
- Short-Term Memory (STM): limited capacity, information held for seconds to minutes
- Long-Term Memory (LTM): permanent storage, unlimited capacity, information retained for extended periods
Memory Processes
- Encoding: taking in information and storing it in memory
- Consolidation: transferring information from STM to LTM
- Retrieval: accessing stored information from memory
Forgetting
- Decay Theory: memories fade over time due to lack of use
- Interference Theory: new information interferes with existing memories
- Repression: unconscious forgetting of traumatic or painful memories
Perception
Definition
- Perception: the process of interpreting and understanding sensory information from the environment
Processing
- Bottom-Up Processing: analysis of basic sensory features (e.g., line, color) to form a complete perception
- Top-Down Processing: use of higher-level knowledge and expectations to influence perception
Influencing Factors
- Attention: selective focus on certain stimuli or tasks
- Context: surrounding environment and prior experiences affect perception
- Expectations: prior knowledge and biases influence perception
- Motivation: goals and desires influence perception
- Emotions: emotional state affects perception
Theories
- Direct Perception Theory: perception is a direct result of sensory information
- Constructivist Theory: perception is an active construction of reality based on past experiences and expectations
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Description
Understand the different types of memory, including sensory, short-term, and long-term memory, as well as memory processes like encoding and consolidation.
