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Questions and Answers
What is the primary motivation for human behavior according to Erikson's theory?
What is the primary motivation for human behavior according to Erikson's theory?
Which of the following stages occurs during the age range of 1-3 years in Erikson's psychosocial development?
Which of the following stages occurs during the age range of 1-3 years in Erikson's psychosocial development?
In Piaget's stages of cognitive development, which stage is associated with the ability to use logic?
In Piaget's stages of cognitive development, which stage is associated with the ability to use logic?
At what age range does the 'Ego Identity vs. Role Confusion' stage occur?
At what age range does the 'Ego Identity vs. Role Confusion' stage occur?
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Which of the following best describes the focus of the 'Industry vs. Inferiority' stage?
Which of the following best describes the focus of the 'Industry vs. Inferiority' stage?
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What is upward comparison in social comparison theory?
What is upward comparison in social comparison theory?
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According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which stage focuses on providing basic necessities such as food and water?
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which stage focuses on providing basic necessities such as food and water?
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Which of the following describes competitive emulation?
Which of the following describes competitive emulation?
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What fundamental need is primarily related to feelings of companionship and acceptance?
What fundamental need is primarily related to feelings of companionship and acceptance?
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Which type of social comparison involves evaluating oneself against those who are less fortunate?
Which type of social comparison involves evaluating oneself against those who are less fortunate?
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What is the first step in the inquiry model?
What is the first step in the inquiry model?
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Which of the following best describes the 'stickiness factor'?
Which of the following best describes the 'stickiness factor'?
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What is qualitative data primarily concerned with?
What is qualitative data primarily concerned with?
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What is a defining feature of flash mobs?
What is a defining feature of flash mobs?
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The 'law of the few' suggests that the success of social epidemics relies on which of the following?
The 'law of the few' suggests that the success of social epidemics relies on which of the following?
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In the context of Malcolm Gladwell's theories, what role does 'power of context' play?
In the context of Malcolm Gladwell's theories, what role does 'power of context' play?
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What does the concept of acculturation refer to?
What does the concept of acculturation refer to?
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Which type of data would most likely yield quantitative results?
Which type of data would most likely yield quantitative results?
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What is the role of the ego in personality according to the content?
What is the role of the ego in personality according to the content?
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Which concept describes the forces that lead to redirecting emotions into substitute targets?
Which concept describes the forces that lead to redirecting emotions into substitute targets?
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What does a glass ceiling represent in a societal context?
What does a glass ceiling represent in a societal context?
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In psychological terms, what does repression refer to?
In psychological terms, what does repression refer to?
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How is the concept of anomie characterized in social situations?
How is the concept of anomie characterized in social situations?
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What theory suggests that all societies face challenges posed by both the environment and forces aimed at destruction?
What theory suggests that all societies face challenges posed by both the environment and forces aimed at destruction?
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Which theory examines the ways that society maintains stability and social order?
Which theory examines the ways that society maintains stability and social order?
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What concept describes the belief among adolescents that they are unique and invulnerable?
What concept describes the belief among adolescents that they are unique and invulnerable?
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Who proposed the idea that adolescence involves the development of lasting values?
Who proposed the idea that adolescence involves the development of lasting values?
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Which of the following best identifies the primary agent of socialization?
Which of the following best identifies the primary agent of socialization?
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What theory discusses the cyclical nature of trends, values, and beliefs within society?
What theory discusses the cyclical nature of trends, values, and beliefs within society?
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What is a common characteristic of the conflict theory of change?
What is a common characteristic of the conflict theory of change?
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Which socialization agent includes individuals like friends and peers?
Which socialization agent includes individuals like friends and peers?
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What does the process of envisioning how we appear to others imply in terms of self-perception?
What does the process of envisioning how we appear to others imply in terms of self-perception?
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In Bandura's research on observational learning, what behavior was primarily demonstrated in the Bobo doll experiment?
In Bandura's research on observational learning, what behavior was primarily demonstrated in the Bobo doll experiment?
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What did Solomon Asch's conformity studies demonstrate about social pressure?
What did Solomon Asch's conformity studies demonstrate about social pressure?
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What is normalization in the context of social phenomena?
What is normalization in the context of social phenomena?
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What does the concept of 'global village' refer to?
What does the concept of 'global village' refer to?
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Study Notes
Inquiry Model
- Develop a research question
- Explore alternate perspectives
- Form a hypothesis
- Collect data
- Assess the hypothesis
- Arrive at a conclusion
- Evaluate conclusions
Flash Mobs/Flash Robs
- Large groups of people gather, perform, disperse quickly
- Often organized via social media
- Sometimes involve harmful actions against bystanders
Malcolm Gladwell - The Tipping Point
- Ideas, products, behaviours spread through society like viruses
- Success relies on a motivated group of individuals
The Stickiness Factor
- How ideas/products are remembered and spread by a few individuals
Power of Context
- Circumstances surrounding an event influence its outcomes
Qualitative Data
- Open-ended, descriptive, in words/actions/descriptions
Quantitative Data
- Numerical, closed-ended, objective
Acculturation
- Exchange of ideas, and cultural traits between societies
Cultural Materialism (Marvin Harris)
- Physical materials & environment shape culture
Functionalism (Bronislaw Malinowski)
- Society's beliefs, institutions meet majority needs
Rites of Passage
- Rituals marking transition into adulthood
Learning Theory (John B. Watson & B.F. Skinner)
- Learning alters an individual's world view
Psychoanalytic Theory (Freud)
- Understanding conscious & unconscious behaviour change
Marxism (Karl Marx)
- Economic production shapes social relationships
Structural Functionalism (Émile Durkheim, Talcott Parsons)
- How society maintains stability & social order
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger & Carlsmith)
- We seek consistency in thoughts, beliefs, & attitudes
Cognitive Consistency
- Maintaining harmony in thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes
Micro Sociology
- Studying small groups
Macro Sociology
- Studying large groups, organizations, social systems
Social Paradigm Shift
- New ideas/beliefs fundamentally change societal perceptions
Evolutionary Theory of Change
- Societies evolve from simple to complex
Cyclical Theory of Change
- Trends, traditions, beliefs cycle over time
Challenge and Response Theory of Change
- Every society faces initial challenges and external forces
Adolescent Egocentrism (David Elkind)
- Belief that one is unique & protected from harm
- Imaginary audience
Socialization
- Process of internalizing societal values
Primary Agents of Socialization
- Family, immediate surroundings
Secondary Agents of Socialization
- Peers, media, education
Dominant Values (Eduard Spranger)
- Values that guide how people view the world
Gradual Change to Adulthood (Leta Stetter)
- Values are acquired over time instead of through dramatic events
Field Theory of Adolescence (Kurt Lewin)
- Social & physical factors influence adolescent development
Generation Theory (Strauss-Howe)
- Generational groups shape historical events
Fresh Contacts (Karl Mannheim)
- Examining how experiences change generational views
Millennials
- Generation born 1980-2000
Straus-Howe Archetypes
- Generational types: prophet, nomad, hero, artist
Social Comparison Theory (Leon Festinger)
- Comparing oneself to others to evaluate abilities/beliefs
Upward Comparison
- Comparing oneself to someone perceived as better off
Downward Comparison
- Comparing oneself to someone perceived as worse off
Competitive Emulation
- Motivation toward personal betterment often driven by others' success
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
- Physiological, safety, belonging, esteem, self-actualization
In-Group and Out-Group Dynamics (Muzafer Sherif)
- Social group affiliations and the sense of belonging
Social Strain Typology (Robert Merton)
- Classifying societal deviance; Conformists, Ritualists, Innovators
Cognitive Development (Piaget)
- Stages of intellectual maturation
Psychosocial Development (Erik Erikson)
- Stages of personality development throughout life
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Description
Test your understanding of key psychological theories, including Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, Piaget's cognitive stages, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. This quiz covers various concepts such as social comparison theory and the inquiry model, providing a comprehensive review of human behavior motivation and development. Ideal for psychology students or enthusiasts seeking to deepen their knowledge.
