Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which domain of development involves the growth of the body and motor skills?
Which domain of development involves the growth of the body and motor skills?
What do unresolved conflicts in Freud's Psychosexual Theory likely affect?
What do unresolved conflicts in Freud's Psychosexual Theory likely affect?
In Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory, which stage comes first?
In Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory, which stage comes first?
Which theory emphasizes the role of social interactions in learning?
Which theory emphasizes the role of social interactions in learning?
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What does the concept of scaffolding refer to in developmental psychology?
What does the concept of scaffolding refer to in developmental psychology?
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What does Bandura's Social Learning Theory focus on?
What does Bandura's Social Learning Theory focus on?
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Which key theorist is associated with psychosocial development and has eight stages?
Which key theorist is associated with psychosocial development and has eight stages?
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What is an observational study in developmental research?
What is an observational study in developmental research?
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What is meant by brain plasticity?
What is meant by brain plasticity?
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Which factor best represents the 'nurture' side of the nature vs. nurture debate?
Which factor best represents the 'nurture' side of the nature vs. nurture debate?
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What behavior does the Skinner Box Experiment aim to analyze?
What behavior does the Skinner Box Experiment aim to analyze?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of fine motor skills?
Which of the following is a characteristic of fine motor skills?
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At what age does holophrastic speech typically begin?
At what age does holophrastic speech typically begin?
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What is the risk factor for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?
What is the risk factor for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?
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Which of the following exemplifies primary circular reactions in Piaget’s Sensorimotor stages?
Which of the following exemplifies primary circular reactions in Piaget’s Sensorimotor stages?
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Which reflex helps a newborn get ready for feeding?
Which reflex helps a newborn get ready for feeding?
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Which statement best describes a case study?
Which statement best describes a case study?
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What is an example of tertiary circular reactions in toddler development?
What is an example of tertiary circular reactions in toddler development?
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Study Notes
Domains of Development
- Development encompasses physical, cognitive, and social-emotional domains.
- Physical: Body growth, brain development, motor skills, and senses.
- Cognitive: Thinking, memory, problem-solving, and language.
- Social-Emotional: Emotions, relationships, personality, and social skills.
Theories of Development
- Theories explain human behavior and development.
- Psychosexual Theory (Freud): Personality develops through five stages (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital). Unresolved conflicts can affect adulthood.
- Cognitive Development Theory (Piaget): Children learn through stages, from sensory to abstract thinking. Four stages: Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, and Formal Operational.
- Sociocultural Theory (Vygotsky): Learning is shaped by social interactions and culture.
- Social Learning Theory (Bandura): Learning occurs through observation and imitation of others ("modeling").
Key Theorists & Contributions
- Jean Piaget: Cognitive development, four stages.
- Erik Erikson: Psychosocial development, eight stages.
- Sigmund Freud: Psychosexual development, unconscious desires.
- Lev Vygotsky: Sociocultural development, social interactions guide learning.
Key Concepts & Research Methods
- Scaffolding: Temporary support helping learners master tasks.
- Observational Study: Observing and recording behavior without intervention.
- Plasticity: The brain's ability to change and adapt.
- Case Study: In-depth study of one individual or group.
Skinner Box Experiment (Operant Conditioning)
- Study of how behavior is shaped by rewards and punishments.
- Reinforcement increases behavior, punishment decreases behavior.
Nature vs. Nurture
- Nature: Development influenced by genetics (biology).
- Nurture: Development shaped by environment and experience.
- Development often results from a combination of both nature and nurture.
Infant Development
- SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome): Unexplained infant death, often during sleep. Risk factors: stomach sleeping, soft bedding, smoke. Prevention: Back-sleeping, firm mattress, no loose blankets.
- Feeding: Breastfeeding provides natural immunity and bonding. Formula feeding is an alternative.
Motor Skills & Reflexes
- Motor Skills:
- Gross Motor Skills: Large muscle movements (walking, jumping).
- Fine Motor Skills: Small muscle movements (holding a pencil).
- Reflexes: Automatic responses in newborns (rooting, sucking, grasping, moro).
Language Development
- Language Milestones: Cooing, babbling, holophrastic speech (one-word communication), child-directed speech (parentese).
Piaget's Sensorimotor Substages (Birth - 2 Years)
- Stages: Reflexive, Primary Circular Reactions, Secondary Circular Reactions, Coordination of Secondary Schemes, Tertiary Circular Reactions, Mental Representation.
- Each stage builds on the previous, leading to the development of symbolic thought.
Study Tips
- Create flashcards for key terms.
- Practice multiple-choice.
- Explain concepts to others.
- Use mnemonics and acronyms.
- Get adequate sleep and nutrition before exams.
Final Reminders
- Review key theorists.
- Understand theory differences.
- Master milestones (motor, language).
- Know SIDS.
- Understand Piaget's stages.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge on the various domains of development including physical, cognitive, and social-emotional aspects. Explore key theories by prominent theorists like Freud, Piaget, Vygotsky, and Bandura that explain human behavior and development across different stages. Dive in to understand the dynamics of growth and learning!
