Psychology Study Techniques Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason spaced practice is superior to cramming?

It allows more time for consolidation. (correct)

Spaced practice is more enjoyable than cramming.

Cramming can lead to stress and anxiety.

Spaced practice is more efficient than cramming.

Which of the following options correctly describes an aspect of deception in a study?

Deception is essential for all research studies.

Deception should be used sparingly and ethically.

Participants should not be deceived under any circumstances.

At some point, the participant must be told why deception was necessary in the study. (correct)

Which of the following statements correctly describes why each research method is susceptible to demand characteristics?

Demand characteristics only apply to individuals with a specific personality trait

Demand characteristics are not a concern in experimental research.

Self-reports: because the questions participants are asked may reveal the variables being measured. (correct)

Demand characteristics are only relevant in qualitative research.

Charleigh wants to investigate the relation between relationship status and life satisfaction. Which of the following is an appropriate strategy to control demand characteristics in her design?

Including a measure asking about the participants' religious beliefs. Signup and view all the answers

In a study examining family relationships and confidence, participants anonymously completed one task asking about their relationship with their father, and another asking about their confidence. What risk is posed by this design?

Demand characteristics Signup and view all the answers

Katie believes in studying intensely right before a test, while Hallie does relaxed studying over a few weeks. If they were tested on the information one year after passing the course, how would their results compare?

Hallie would outperform Katie. Signup and view all the answers

In a study investigating whether caffeine consumption affects mental performance, Tate asks participants to drink either a caffeinated (has caffeine) or decaffeinated (doesn't have caffeine) beverage. Then, he tests how quickly the participants can press a button when they hear a sound. Which of the following correctly describes the conceptual independent variable?

Caffeine consumption Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following results would be an example of a correlation?

Students who spent more hours studying were more likely to earn an A on their final exams. Signup and view all the answers

Nick wants to perform a case study exploring how a musician uses their experience to add emotion to their performance. If he uses opportunity sampling, how many musicians does he need to recruit for the study?

Exactly one Signup and view all the answers

What is a common issue of self-report data collection?

Self-report data is subjective and prone to bias. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the best description of pre-registration in research methods?

Publishing your design before collecting data. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a manipulation?

Varying versions of a stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following students would have the greatest advantage of encoding specificity while they complete this quiz?

Kylie, who is wearing the same perfume she does every day at school. Signup and view all the answers

In an experiment testing the impact of background noise on concentration, participants are asked to complete a task in either a quiet or noisy room. What is a reasonable operational definition of "concentration?"

The number of mistakes participants make on the task. Signup and view all the answers

Logan says that according to the theory of Learning Styles (LS), he is a Visual Learner. Sandra says she is an Auditory Learner. If all other abilities are equal, how would they likely perform on a test remembering colored shapes?

Logan and Sandra would score similarly on the test because LS's don't affect performance. Signup and view all the answers

To test an anxiety medication, Sam decides to group participants so that everyone has an equal chance of receiving the real drug or the placebo. What research practice does this demonstrate?

Random assignment Signup and view all the answers

Ryann is planning a research study with human participants, who will have to wear a head-mounted eye-tracking device during data collection. While the device is not painful or dangerous, it can be a bit uncomfortable, and some participants may get a headache from wearing the device. In this case, what would be the most important ethical practice for Ryann to address for approval?

Risk/benefit ratio Signup and view all the answers

There are two species of goats that share a relatively recent common ancestor. One species (Goat A) is physically larger and stronger, reproduces around every 200 days, and has 1–2 offspring per mating cycle. The other goat (Goat B) is smaller but a better climber, and reproduces around every 150 days with 3–4 offspring per mating cycle. Which of these goat species would be considered to have higher evolutionary fitness?

Goat B Signup and view all the answers

A birdwatcher is deep in the Amazon rainforest and discovers a new bird species. This new species has colorful feathers, and it appears that the male birds perform an action to draw attention to these feathers. What type of sexual selection trait is this species exhibiting?

Display Feature Signup and view all the answers

Male stag beetles possess brighter-colored bodies compared to females. This sex difference gives us one clue to the trait being sexually selected—which of the following would be another clue?

Males and females have similar colors in December but different colors in June. Signup and view all the answers

If a species of woodpecker were originally together and got separated into two different islands. What evolutionary mechanism would occur if island A has nuts and island B has fruit?

Adaptation Signup and view all the answers

You are walking home from dinner with a friend when a tiger comes out of the alleyway to attack you. Which of the following accurately explains how you, a human, would realistically utilize one of the four “F's” to survive?

Flee Signup and view all the answers

Why do we use fruit flies to investigate how adaptations occur?

Fruit flies are easy to study and have a short generation time. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason females are more "choosy" in sexual encounters than males?

A sexual encounter is riskier for females as they may have to carry a pregnancy. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common problem in studying evolution?

Evolution is a slow process that takes many generations to be observable. Signup and view all the answers

What do evolutionary psychologists study?

How behavior is impacted by genetics. Signup and view all the answers

How are display features and weapons similar in function in terms of representing an organism's fitness?

They both indicate that an animal can take care of itself and pass on strong genetics to offspring. Signup and view all the answers

What do the results of Wedekind and colleagues (1995) imply, as discussed in class?

Women's mate preferences can be predicted by evolutionary theory. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a similarity in traits seen between peacocks and bucks when discussing contributions to their fitness?

Both are able to display traits that indicate health. Signup and view all the answers

What part of the neuron maintains the strength of the Action Potential as it travels down the axon?

Myelin Sheath Signup and view all the answers

Which forebrain structure regulates body rhythms such as sleep, body temperature, blood sugar, etc.?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

What is one example of a hormonal influence on the body?

Bone, cartilage, and muscle tissue growth Signup and view all the answers

What is one function controlled by the medulla?

Heart Rate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the main divisions of the brain are associated with survival functions and movement?

The hindbrain Signup and view all the answers

Your friend Daniel plans on taking a drug at a party. After paying attention to PSYC 110, you know that the drug acts by binding to neuroreceptors. What type of substance is Daniel planning on taking?

Agonist Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is observing the impact of sound on how neurons are firing and notices that the neurons of a participant are firing more frequently than they were at a previous stage of the experiment. According to what we discussed in class, what conclusion can we draw from this information?

The loudness of the sound has increased. Signup and view all the answers

An EPSP raises the membrane potential of a neuron to 25 mV above the resting potential. How will the neuron most likely respond?

It will return to resting potential. Signup and view all the answers

How would you, as a researcher, choose a brain for a post-mortem discussion?

Researchers choose unusual brains that have suffered trauma or had mental illness. Signup and view all the answers

You see Melissa has brown eyes. According to biology, what have you just observed?

Phenotype Signup and view all the answers

What is one function of the temporal lobe?

Facial recognition Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

The CNS consists of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, the PNS consists of nerve cells outside of the brain and spinal cord. Signup and view all the answers

Temporal resolution represents a brain imaging technique's ability to do what?

Identify the exact time an activation occurs. Signup and view all the answers

Identify the exact time an activation occurs. Only ERP presents the same stimulus repeatedly.

ERP Signup and view all the answers

If you are hungry and you eat your favorite meal, which of the following neurotransmitters would be the most involved with feeling satisfied after eating?

Dopamine Signup and view all the answers

Michael and Sarah—a biological boy and a biological girl—are full siblings who developed simultaneously in their mother's womb. When Tanner hears this, he concludes they must be twins who developed from the same egg. Which of the following statements most accurately judges his statement?

Tanner is incorrect because monozygotic twins have the same genetic makeup. Signup and view all the answers

Why does neurodegeneration take place later in life?

The brain is designed to be efficient and prunes unused connections. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Tuesday Quiz 1

Spaced practice is superior to cramming because it allows more time for consolidation.
Deception in a study requires participants to be informed of the reasoning behind the deception at some point.
Self-reports are susceptible to demand characteristics because the questions may reveal the variables being measured.
Controlling demand characteristics in a study on relationship status and life satisfaction could include a measure of religious beliefs.
A study examining family relationships and confidence poses a risk of demand characteristics if participants answer questions about relationship with their father and confidence in separate tasks.
Studying intensely right before a test (Katie) is less effective than spaced studying over weeks (Hallie) when tested a year later.
Caffeine consumption can affect mental performance in studies, as demonstrated by Tate's study.

Tuesday Quiz 2

Students who spend more hours studying are more likely to earn an A in their final exams (correlation example).
Caffeine consumption is an example of a conceptual independent variable.
Opportunity sampling involves recruiting any available participants.
Bias is a common issue in self-report data collection.
Varying versions of a stimulus is a manipulation.
When testing the impact of background noise on concentration, the number of mistakes participants made on a task defines concentration.
Students who use the same perfume daily (encoding specificity) would have an advantage on a quiz.

Tuesday Quiz 3

Myelin Sheath maintains the strength of Action Potential, as it travels down the axon.
The Hypothalamus regulates body rhythms (sleep, temperature, blood sugar)
Bone, cartilage, and muscle tissue growth are influenced by hormones.
Heart Rate is one function controlled by the medulla.
The hindbrain is associated with survival and movement.
An increase in neuron firing frequency, as observed by researchers, indicates an increase in sound loudness.
An EPSP increases the potential of a neuron to 25mV above resting potential; the neuron returns to its resting potential.
Researchers choose unusual brains for post-mortem discussions for studying trauma or mental illness.

Tuesday Quiz 4

The brain is designed to be efficient and prunes unused connections, which may cause neurodegeneration later in life.
Cross-sectional studies have the disadvantage of a changing population over time.
Neuroplasticity decreases with natural aging.

Tuesday Quiz 5

The primary function of the Temporal Lobe is Facial Recognition.
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) has nerve cells outside the brain and spinal cord while the central nervous system (CNS) has nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord.
Identifying exact activation time is related to temporal resolution.
Only ERP can identify the exact activation time for several repeating stimuli.
Dopamine is the neurotransmitter for feeling satisfied after eating.
Monozygotic twins have the same genetic makeup.

Tuesday Quiz 6

Memory is better for items at the beginning of a list (primacy effect).
A schema is a way to organize concepts surrounding a topic.
Three components of memory are encoding, storing, and retrieving.
The amygdala plays a large role in recalling fearful events.
Memory is better for items at the end of a list (recency effect).
Asking participants about their birth date has a large impact on recency effect.
Learning related to a skill or a method is better when the state of being in the process of learning is similar to the state of being in the process of executing that skill or method.
When recall or memory is required to happen, the technique of chunking helps to organize related information in order to improve the memory process.
Semantic memory helps to remember childhood addresses as an example.

Tuesday Quiz 7

The foot-in-the-door technique involves asking a person for a small request prior to making a larger request.
Social loafing is a situation in which individuals perform in a group less efficiently than they do when working individually.
Diffusion of responsibility is when people in a group assume someone else will take care of a situation leading to the lack of responsibility to deal with problematic situations.
Situational attribution is ascribing the cause of behavior to factors in the environment rather than to personality traits.
Groupthink occurs when the desire for harmony within a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.
One factor that would lead you to attribute external or situational cause would be noticing one type of behavior in one context.
People who are secretly involved in studies are called confederates.
Ingroup/outgroup bias means someone shows favoritism towards members of their social group over those that aren’t in the group.

Tuesday Quiz 8

Altruism is assisting someone without any attached reward.
Nonverbal cues are a more significant factor in forming impressions than verbal communication.
The development of positive perceptions may occur from a situation that has past negative experiences between individuals.
Peripheral route involves making decisions to buy products through advertisements.
An external factor may be the cause of behaviors if that behavior appears only in limited situations.
Other people responding differently in the same situation, makes the behavior have a higher dispositional significance.

Tuesday Quiz 9

The highest delivery rate is expected right before payday.
A natural response is triggered by the US (unconditioned stimulus).
Spontaneous recovery is when a conditioned response reoccurs after a pause.
Associative learning occurs when a skill or method is learned and performed in a similar mental state.
Escape behavior and reward behavior are examples when an individual can successfully execute a skill or method.
Sensitization occurs when a stronger response occurs due to a stimulus repeated multiple times.
Learning theory and learned behavior are illustrated by Bandura Bobo Doll Studies through aggression.

Tuesday Quiz 10

The best way to quit smoking is quickly and abruptly.
Coping strategies provide ways to manage and reduce stress which enhances well-being.
Chlamydia is a type of STI that can be easily treated.
Eustress improves motivation and focus; conversely, distress impairs these aspects.
The fight-or-flight response involves the release of stress hormones which increases alertness.
Mirror Neurons are involved when someone is experiencing a feeling in their body due to another person, like a knee injury.

Tuesday Quiz 11

Both Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and drive reduction theory relate to motivation by highlighting an imbalance or deficit within the needs and how these are fulfilled.
The two-factor theory of emotion emphasizes both the physiological arousal and the cognitive interpretation of that arousal.
Homeostasis is the process whereby the body regulates and maintains certain bodily functions within an acceptable range.
Sustaining is a factor in motivation that keeps individuals working toward a goal.
The facial feedback hypothesis is about how expressing a facial expression makes an individual feel the matching emotion.

Tuesday Quiz 12

Dysfunction in the four Ds is a way to explain when a disorder demonstrates a major problem and a significant impact on daily life.
Checking door locks is an example of dysfunctional behavior.
OCD describes the habit of obsessively cleaning spaces because of a fear of contamination.
The symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder are equally distributed between genders.
Alogia is a symptom of schizophrenia that shows restricted speech.
A deviance behavior is outside social norms while a distress behavior is causing personal discomfort.
The DSM-5 is based on categorization which could result in misdiagnosis for comorbidity.
A person experiencing fluctuating moods with periods of low motivation and energy may show signs of major depressive disorder.

Tuesday Quiz 13

Intimate partner violence may lead to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.
Diathesis-stress model describes disorders that arise from vulnerability coupled with external stressors.
Incorrect diagnosis, from a disorder perspective, would be the most criticized perspective in DSM.
An adjustment disorder may form in the wake of a loss such as pet death.
Bipolar II has noticeably less severe manic episodes.
Alicia may be experiencing social anxiety disorder where she fears how others may perceive her actions or words.

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Description

This quiz explores concepts related to effective study techniques, including spaced practice, self-reports, and demand characteristics in research. It examines research findings on how different studying methods impact long-term retention and mental performance. Test your understanding of these key psychological principles!