Psychology Sensation and Perception

<p>Controlling eye movement in response to stimuli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The separation of visual stimuli into background and object (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brain's ability to reorganize itself (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gestalt Principle of Proximity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can dilate in response to both excitement and fear (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binocular Depth Cues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seeing an object as the same size despite changes in retinal image (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use of auditory cues and echo-location (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cornea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linear Perspective (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Closure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monocular Depth Cues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps estimate distance by the inward turning of the eyes for nearby objects. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Larger objects are perceived as closer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bluish tint and blurriness of distant objects. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Close objects moving faster than distant ones as viewed from a moving vehicle. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neon lights flashing that create an illusion of continuous movement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ambiguous figures can be perceived in multiple ways, whereas impossible figures cannot. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Müller-Lyer illusion and Ponzo illusion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Actual movement of objects through space. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To house hair cells that act as sensory receptors for hearing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both involve misleading depth cues that alter size perception. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Place Theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conductive Hearing Loss (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To contain smell receptor cells that respond to chemicals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It bypasses the thalamus and goes directly to the amygdala and other brain regions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pheromones are chemicals that influence behavior patterns. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurons are incapable of firing more than 1,000 times per second. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Olfactory bulbs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Length perception is influenced by the perceived distance of the lines. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Top-Down Processing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Failing to see changes in objects when not paying attention. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By the brain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The expectation based on prior knowledge affecting perceptions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assembling sensory stimuli into a coherent perception. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meditation leading to heightened awareness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both involve perceiving lines that are actually the same length as being different. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Develop a response to similar stimuli. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intensity of the CS. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All stimuli resembling the white rat. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning to respond to a specific CS while ignoring similar stimuli. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CS enables prediction of US based on repeated pairings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dental phobia caused by painful experiences at the dentist. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic factors that make certain responses easier to acquire. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CS must predict US with a high degree of reliability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The reticular formation influences attention, motivation, and previous experience in decision-making.

Specialized cells that detect and respond to a specific type of stimulus, converting it into neural impulses.

A decrease in sensitivity to a constant stimulus over time; becoming used to a specific sensation.

The process of interpreting light signals into visual perception, occurs in the brain.

Tiny particles of light that travel in waves, a portion of which is visible to human eyes.

The narrow range of electromagnetic waves that humans and other animals can see.

The transparent outer layer of the eye that bends incoming light rays.

The central opening in the iris that regulates the amount of light entering the eye.

The colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil in response to light and other emotions like fear and arousal.

A flexible structure in the eye that focuses light onto the retina.

An optical illusion where lines appear different lengths due to visual cues.

An optical illusion where parallel lines appear to converge in the distance, making a line farther away seem longer.

Identifying individual components of a stimulus, then piecing them together to understand the whole.

Using prior experience and context to form perceptions.

How expectations influence what we perceive.

Focusing on specific sensations and filtering others.

Failing to notice significant changes if not focused on.

The natural, internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and other biological rhythms.

The awareness of thoughts, feelings, sensations, and perceptions.

Mental states differing from ordinary awareness like sleep or hypnosis.

Larger objects appear closer, smaller ones farther away.

Objects closer appear more detailed, those farther away appear smoother.

Distant objects appear blurred and slightly bluish.

Shadows help us distinguish shapes and three-dimensional objects.

Objects seem to move at different speeds depending on distance.

Movement of objects through space.

Perception of movement where there is none.

Perception of movement from rapidly flashing lights.

Perception of a stationary light as moving.

Figures that can be perceived in two or more ways.

Figures with parts seemingly in two places at once.

False or misleading perceptions of stimuli.

Part of the cochlea that contains hair cells, vibrates in response to sound waves, transmitting signals to the auditory nerve.

Sensory receptors within the cochlea responsible for converting sound vibrations into neural signals.

Structure in the cochlea housing the hair cells and supporting structures necessary for hearing.

Theory of hearing proposing different frequencies of sound stimulate different locations on the basilar membrane.

Theory of hearing that proposes the rate at which neurons fire corresponds to the frequency of a sound.

Hearing loss due to an obstruction in the ear's conduction pathway.

Hearing loss due to damage to the inner ear structures or the auditory nerve.

The sense of smell, a chemical sense that senses chemicals in air.

The tissue in the nasal cavity containing smell receptor cells.

Brain structures that receive smell input and relay information to other brain areas,

Chemicals released by organisms to influence the behavior of others

Organizing the visual field into objects (figure) that stand out from their surroundings (ground)

The ability of the same visual stimulus to create different perceptions of figure and ground.

Rules governing how we perceive groups of visual elements.

Objects with similar characteristics are grouped together.

Objects close together are perceived as a group.

We perceive objects that form a continuous pattern as belonging together.

We perceive incomplete figures as complete.

Objects appear consistent regardless of changes in viewing conditions.

Objects appear same size regardless of distance.

Objects appear same shape despite changes in viewing angle.

Objects appear same brightness regardless of lighting changes.

Objects appear same color under different lighting conditions.

Depth cues that use both eyes.

Eyes turn inward to focus on nearby objects.

Difference in images seen by each eye.

Depth cues that can be perceived by one eye.

A monocular cue that occurs when one object partially blocks another, indicating distance.

Parallel lines appearing to converge in the distance.

Responding to stimuli similar to the original conditioned stimulus (CS) in a similar manner. The more similar the stimuli, the stronger the response.

The ability to differentiate between similar stimuli, responding only to the original conditioned stimulus (CS).

A famous experiment demonstrating that fear can be classically conditioned. A baby was conditioned to fear a white rat, generalizing the fear to similar objects.

Using classical conditioning techniques (systematic desensitization) to reduce or remove learned fears and phobias.

Number of pairings of conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US), intensity of US, reliability of CS predicting US, and timing relationship between CS and US affect the strength of the conditioned response.

The cognitive perspective emphasizes the role of prediction in classical conditioning. The CS signals the predictable coming of the US.

Biological factors influence an organism's ability to acquire or resist classically conditioned responses.

A strong conditioned aversion to a particular taste after a negative experience. A specific example of biological predisposition.