Psychology: Reinforcement Theory Concepts

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According to the social-learning viewpoint, what is the primary determinant of an individual's learning from a model?

The individual's attention to the model's critical features (correct)

The model's repeated availability

The model's physical attractiveness

The positive incentives or rewards provided for the modeled behavior

What is the main proposition of equity theory?

Individuals are motivated to exhibit modeled behaviors if they are positively reinforced

Individuals compare their job inputs and outcomes to those of others and respond to eliminate any inequities (correct)

Individuals are most influenced by models that are attractive, repeatedly available, important to them, or similar to them

Individuals learn new behaviors by observing a model and then converting watching to doing

Which of the following is NOT one of the four referent comparisons in equity theory?

Maslow's hierarchy of needs (correct)

Self-outside

Other-inside

Self-inside

According to the social-learning viewpoint, which of the following processes demonstrates that an individual can perform modeled activities?

Motor reproduction processes Signup and view all the answers

What is the key proposition of reinforcement theory?

Individuals are motivated to exhibit modeled behaviors if they are positively reinforced Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key component of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory?

Individuals' needs are arranged in a hierarchy, and higher-level needs can only be satisfied once lower-level needs are met Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement?

Positive reinforcement adds a positive consequence to increase desired behavior, while negative reinforcement removes a negative consequence to increase desired behavior. Signup and view all the answers

How does punishment differ from negative reinforcement?

Punishment involves adding negative consequences to decrease undesired behavior, while negative reinforcement involves removing negative consequences to increase desired behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Extinction in the context of reinforcement theory implies:

Removal of rewards for undesired behavior to reduce the probability of that behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Which theory assumes that behavior is a function of consequences and also accounts for observational learning and perception?

Reinforcement Theory Signup and view all the answers

How does negative reinforcement differ from punishment in terms of their effects on behavior?

Negative reinforcement increases desired behavior by removing a negative consequence, while punishment decreases undesired behavior by introducing a negative consequence. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of reinforcement theory, what does extinction refer to?

Lowering the probability of undesired behavior by removing reward for that kind of behavior. Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, which of the following is the most relevant component of reinforcement theory for management?

Operant Conditioning Theory Signup and view all the answers

The passage mentions that 'Operant Conditioning Theory' argues that people learn to behave to get something they want or to avoid something they do not want. What does this have to do with Expectancy Theory?

Expectancy Theory argues that people are motivated to behave in ways that lead to desired outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of 'Positive Reinforcement' mentioned in the passage relate to Equity Theory and Organizational Justice?

Positive Reinforcement is a way for managers to ensure Organizational Justice, by rewarding employees who exhibit desired behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

The passage mentions that 'Arousal leads to an energized state, so that the person gets 'psyched up' and performs better.' How does this relate to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

Arousal is a form of esteem needs, which is part of the middle levels of Maslow's Hierarchy. Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what is the purpose of using 'Positive Reinforcement' by managers?

To increase the probability of the desired behavior occurring again. Signup and view all the answers

Psychology: Reinforcement Theory Concepts

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