Psychology Quiz on Personality and Defense Mechanisms
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Questions and Answers

What factors influence a person's traits and personality according to the notes?

  • Traits are solely determined by social interactions
  • Both biological and environmental factors (correct)
  • Only biological factors
  • Environmental factors alone

Which part of the soul, according to Plato, is responsible for rational thought?

  • Concupiscible
  • Rational (correct)
  • Irascible
  • Emotional

What is one example mentioned in the notes that depicts a person's behavior?

  • A scientist seeking truth (correct)
  • A musician performing
  • A teacher educating students
  • A parent caring for a child

How does the structure of the notes appear to be organized?

<p>Using a weekly calendar structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component represents impulse and desire in Plato's view of the soul?

<p>Concupiscible (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does repression involve?

<p>Forgetting a traumatic event. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which defense mechanism involves replacing unacceptable impulses with acceptable behaviors?

<p>Sublimation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does projection function as a defense mechanism?

<p>It attributes personal thoughts and feelings to others. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is regression in the context of defense mechanisms?

<p>Returning to earlier stages of behavior when faced with stress. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes rationalization?

<p>Justifying actions with logical or reasonable explanations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sentiment is expressed by the caricature drawn on Saturday 10?

<p>The person is indifferent to goals and methods. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is compared to 'el nitualista' in the entries?

<p>An innovator. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase indicates a revolutionary mindset in the notes?

<p>el que crea lo suyo. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What emotional state is conveyed by the caricature on Sunday 11?

<p>Doubt regarding the correctness of future choices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theme is most prevalent across the notebook entries?

<p>Personal reflection and goal analysis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does deviant conduct refer to?

<p>Behaviors rejected by a significant portion of society (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a formal social sanction?

<p>Fines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Robert Merton's Strain Theory?

<p>Society's goals and the means to achieve them (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Control Theory, as proposed by Travis Hirschi, primarily examine?

<p>The influence of social bonds on adherence to social norms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Durkheim's perspective, what role does deviance play in society?

<p>Deviance serves to highlight and reinforce social values (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What psychological theory emphasizes observable behavior rather than internal thoughts or feelings?

<p>Conductismo (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory connects physical attributes with personality traits?

<p>Sheldon's Constitutional Theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes a focus of psychoanalysis?

<p>It investigates unconscious processes and early experiences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does the 'I' theory focus on in psychology?

<p>The development of self-identity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is associated with the principles of behaviorism in the study notes?

<p>Conductismo (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of deviance does exploratory deviance focus on?

<p>The growth of deviant behaviors over time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is associated with the theory of Differential Association?

<p>Edwin Sutherland (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes personality according to the notes?

<p>Organized behaviors that characterize individuals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which significant figure is associated with the foundations of scientific psychology?

<p>Wilhelm Wundt (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the categorization of psychology's development, what stage precedes the scientific stage?

<p>Pre-scientific stage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines historical deviance in sociology?

<p>It changes over time as societal norms evolve. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which example best illustrates cultural deviance?

<p>Eating certain foods considered taboo in another culture. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do societies typically enforce social norms?

<p>Using both positive and negative reinforcement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of labeling theory as discussed in the journal?

<p>Labels can impact how individuals act in society. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are the key figures associated with the concept of labeling and stigma?

<p>Howard Becker and Edwin Lemert. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept does Aristotle primarily emphasize in his view of behavior?

<p>Habits and purpose influence behavior. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Descartes, what is the relationship between the mind and body in shaping behavior?

<p>The mind and body interact to influence behavior. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives motivated behavior according to Hobbes' perspective?

<p>Self-interest as a fundamental motivation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example that illustrates Aristotle's view on the development of virtue?

<p>Practicing just actions in community settings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a person demonstrate Hobbes' notion of self-interest according to the given examples?

<p>By behaving in ways that align with personal financial goals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Descartes view the role of emotions in human behavior?

<p>Emotions are essential for survival but should be controlled by reason. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does classical conditioning primarily focus on?

<p>The relationship between stimulus and response. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Hobbes' perspective on societal structure?

<p>A strong social contract is necessary to control natural tendencies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Skinner's focus in psychology?

<p>The examination of observable behaviors without considering mental processes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principle is associated with Spencer's view of human interactions?

<p>Survival of the fittest governs all social behaviors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of extinction on behavior?

<p>It decreases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about punishment is correct?

<p>Punishment results in undesirable consequences to decrease behavior. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the experiment with the rat in the box illustrate behavior extinction?

<p>The rat ceases to perform the behavior when it is not rewarded. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary effect of punishment on behavior?

<p>It discourages the punished behavior from being repeated. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines behavior extinction?

<p>The elimination of behavior due to the lack of reinforcement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Repression

Forgetting a traumatic event unconsciously.

Regression

Returning to childlike behaviors when faced with stress.

Displacement

Directing anger or feeling at a less threatening target.

Sublimation

Channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable behaviors.

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Projection

Attributing one's own feelings to others.

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Inherited Traits

Characteristics passed down from parents through genes.

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Learned Traits

Characteristics acquired through experiences and learning.

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Plato's Soul Parts

Rational, irascible, and concupiscible parts, according to Plato, describe different aspects of the soul.

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Rational Soul

Part of the soul associated with reason and logic.

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Irascible Soul

Part of the soul associated with emotions like anger and courage.

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Deviant Conduct

Actions that many people in a society view negatively or reject.

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Formal Socialization

Learning social norms, rules, and beliefs through structured processes.

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Social Control Mechanisms

Methods used to encourage people to follow societal norms.

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Strain Theory

A theory explaining that societal pressures can lead to deviance.

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Control Theory

A theory explaining that people's commitment to societal rules influences their behavior.

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Social Deviance

Behaviors considered unacceptable or inappropriate within a particular society or cultural context.

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Cultural Deviance

Behavior considered deviant in one culture but acceptable in another.

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Label Theory

A theory suggesting that societal labels can influence an individual's behavior and self-perception.

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Howard Becker

A sociologist known for his work on labeling theory, suggesting that social labels can lead to self-fulfilling prophecies.

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Edwin Lemert

A sociologist who expanded on labeling theory, focusing on how societal reactions can reinforce deviant behavior.

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Nitualist

An individual who adheres to a personal set of values and principles, possibly in opposition to societal norms.

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Revolutionary

Someone who challenges existing systems or beliefs, often by creating something new or different.

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What does society say is correct?

This question explores the concept of societal norms and how they influence individual beliefs and actions.

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No goals or means?

This phrase represents a lack of purpose or direction, possibly due to apathy or a disconnect from societal values.

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Creating one's own

This phrase highlights the act of self-discovery and the creation of a unique personal identity.

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Primary Deviance

Initial act of rule-breaking that doesn't significantly affect one's self-image or social status.

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Secondary Deviance

Deviant behavior that results from being labeled as deviant, leading to social exclusion and reinforcement of that label.

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Exploratory Deviance

Temporary, experimental deviance, often done out of curiosity or to test boundaries.

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Edwin Sutherland's Theory

Theory of differential association suggests that individuals learn deviant behavior through interactions with others who engage in deviant acts.

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What is Psychology?

The scientific study of the human mind and behavior, encompassing emotions, perceptions, intelligence, group dynamics, and personality.

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Constitutional Theories

These theories link personality to biological factors, like genetics and physique. They suggest that our physical makeup influences our temperament and behavior.

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Sheldon & Body Types

This theory, proposed by William Sheldon, connects three body types (ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph) to specific personality traits. For example, an ectomorph (thin and fragile) might be described as intellectual and introverted.

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Conductivism

This psychological theory emphasizes the study of observable behaviors. It focuses on how behaviors are learned through conditioning, reinforcement, and environmental influences.

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"I" Theory

This theory explores how we develop our sense of self. It examines the formation of our identity, how we perceive ourselves, and how we interact with others.

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Psychoanalysis (Freud)

This theory delves into the unconscious mind. It suggests that our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by hidden desires and conflicts from our early childhood experiences.

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Descartes' View

Descartes believed that emotions are crucial for survival but should be controlled by reason.

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Aristotle's View of Behavior

Behavior is driven by habits and a person's purpose in life. This means we act according to what we have learned and what we value.

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Hobbes' Social Contract

Hobbes argued for a strong government to control natural tendencies and ensure peace.

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Descartes on Behavior

Descartes believed behavior results from the interaction between the mind and body. This means our thoughts and feelings influence how we act, and what we experience also affects our mind.

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Rousseau's Cooperative Society

Rousseau advocated for a society founded on equality, cooperation, and preserving natural goodness.

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Spencer's Survival of the Fittest

Spencer applied Darwin's concept of survival of the fittest to human interactions, suggesting natural selection determines success.

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Hobbes' Motivation

Hobbes argued that self-interest is the main motivator for all behavior. People act for their own gain, driven by desires and the need to avoid unpleasant things.

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Habit Formation

According to Aristotle, consistent actions build into habits, which shape our character. This means repeated behaviors become part of who we are.

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Internal and External Factors

Internal factors (like emotions and reason) and external factors (like society and environment) both influence human behavior.

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Mind-Body Connection

Descartes emphasizes the interconnectedness of the mind and body in shaping behavior. This means they influence and impact each other constantly.

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Extinction in Behavior

When a behavior is no longer reinforced, it is less likely to be repeated. This means the behavior gradually disappears over time.

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Punishment's Effect

Punishing a behavior with undesirable consequences leads to its elimination. This means the individual learns to avoid the behavior to avoid the punishment.

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Rat Experiment

The rat in the box experiment demonstrates behavior extinction. When the rat no longer receives food after pressing a lever, it eventually stops pressing the lever.

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Eliminating Behaviors

Both extinction and punishment aim to reduce or eliminate specific behaviors. However, they use different approaches: one focuses on removing reinforcement, while the other focuses on delivering negative consequences.

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Learning by Consequences

Both extinction and punishment demonstrate how behavior is shaped by its consequences. We tend to repeat behaviors that lead to positive outcomes and avoid those that result in negative outcomes.

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Study Notes

Inherited and Learned Tendencies

  • Inherited tendencies are biological and genetic factors that impact personality
  • Learned tendencies are environmental factors influencing personality
  • These factors include upbringing, culture, and social factors
  • Inherited and learned tendencies shape the individual's personality.

Three Parts of the Soul

  • Rational part seeks truth and guides decisions through logic.
  • Irrational part represents emotions and desires
  • Spirited part struggles and defends values, the country or family

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Description

Test your knowledge on the factors influencing personality traits and the concepts of the soul as described by Plato. This quiz covers various defense mechanisms and their roles in behavior. Delve into the intricacies of rational thought, impulse, and desire as outlined in the provided notes.

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