Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main focus of cognitive psychology?
What is the main focus of cognitive psychology?
- Analyzing consciousness
- Studying mental functions and processes (correct)
- Exploring how people change over time
- Investigating biological processes
Which psychologist established the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany?
Which psychologist established the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany?
- Ivan Pavlov
- Wilhelm Wundt (correct)
- Carl Jung
- Sigmund Freud
What is the primary difference between clinical psychologists and psychiatrists?
What is the primary difference between clinical psychologists and psychiatrists?
- Clinical psychologists have a Ph.D., psychiatrists have an M.D.
- Psychiatrists focus on therapy, while clinical psychologists focus on research.
- Clinical psychologists can prescribe medication, psychiatrists cannot. (correct)
- Psychiatrists can diagnose mental disorders, clinical psychologists cannot.
Which of the following reflects one of the 4 goals of psychology?
Which of the following reflects one of the 4 goals of psychology?
What did Wilhelm Wundt primarily analyze in his psychological investigations?
What did Wilhelm Wundt primarily analyze in his psychological investigations?
Which field of psychology focuses on how people change and grow over time?
Which field of psychology focuses on how people change and grow over time?
What is the primary focus of Positive Psychology?
What is the primary focus of Positive Psychology?
Which branch of psychology involves interacting with the legal system for competency and risk assessment?
Which branch of psychology involves interacting with the legal system for competency and risk assessment?
What is the purpose of Applied Psychology in the context of Neuropsychology?
What is the purpose of Applied Psychology in the context of Neuropsychology?
What do Consumer Psychologists primarily focus on?
What do Consumer Psychologists primarily focus on?
What does Theory refer to in psychology?
What does Theory refer to in psychology?
Which branch of psychology is focused on promoting successful problem solving and cooperation?
Which branch of psychology is focused on promoting successful problem solving and cooperation?
What is the main advantage of using survey method in research?
What is the main advantage of using survey method in research?
Which of the following is a limitation of correlation studies?
Which of the following is a limitation of correlation studies?
What does a standard deviation measure in statistical relationships?
What does a standard deviation measure in statistical relationships?
Which method provides systematic observations when experiments are not feasible?
Which method provides systematic observations when experiments are not feasible?
In a correlation of -1, what type of relationship is indicated between variables?
In a correlation of -1, what type of relationship is indicated between variables?
What is the primary challenge with response bias in survey research?
What is the primary challenge with response bias in survey research?
What is the key difference between a continuous variable and a categorical variable?
What is the key difference between a continuous variable and a categorical variable?
What is the primary purpose of operational definitions in research?
What is the primary purpose of operational definitions in research?
Which step comes first in the research process according to 'Research Methods in Five Easy Steps'?
Which step comes first in the research process according to 'Research Methods in Five Easy Steps'?
What does reliability refer to in the context of research?
What does reliability refer to in the context of research?
Which of the following is NOT a data collection technique mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a data collection technique mentioned in the text?
In direct observation research, what does a researcher do?
In direct observation research, what does a researcher do?
What is the purpose of the control group in an experiment?
What is the purpose of the control group in an experiment?
In an experiment, what is the role of the independent variable?
In an experiment, what is the role of the independent variable?
What is meant by extraneous variables in an experiment?
What is meant by extraneous variables in an experiment?
Why is standardization important in research procedures?
Why is standardization important in research procedures?
What can sampling bias lead to in research?
What can sampling bias lead to in research?
How does the placebo effect influence subjective experiences in research studies?
How does the placebo effect influence subjective experiences in research studies?
Flashcards
Cultural Psychology
Cultural Psychology
Examines how culture influences psychological processes of individuals.
Ethnocentrism
Ethnocentrism
The belief that one's own culture is superior to others.
Positive Psychology
Positive Psychology
Study of positive emotions and individual traits that promote well-being.
Health and Resilience
Health and Resilience
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Applied Psychology
Applied Psychology
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Clinical Psychology
Clinical Psychology
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Neuropsychology
Neuropsychology
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Forensic Psychology
Forensic Psychology
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Operational Definitions
Operational Definitions
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Validity in Research
Validity in Research
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Reliability in Research
Reliability in Research
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Direct Observation
Direct Observation
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Survey Method
Survey Method
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Correlational Studies
Correlational Studies
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Case Studies
Case Studies
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Goals of Psychology
Goals of Psychology
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Wilhelm Wundt
Wilhelm Wundt
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Structuralism
Structuralism
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Independent Variable
Independent Variable
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Dependent Variable
Dependent Variable
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Experimental Group
Experimental Group
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Control Group
Control Group
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Extraneous Variable
Extraneous Variable
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Standardization
Standardization
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Theory in Research
Theory in Research
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Hypothesis
Hypothesis
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Empirical Method
Empirical Method
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Variable
Variable
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Continuous Variable
Continuous Variable
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Categorical Variable
Categorical Variable
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Study Notes
Cultural Psychology
- Examines the role of culture on psychological processes of its members
- Culture influences thoughts, perceptions, and behavior
- Promotes respect for differences and challenges ethnocentrism in theory and research
Positive Psychology
- Focuses on the subjective experience of positive emotions
- Identifies individual traits that promote health, resilience, and optimism
- Investigates organizations and communities that promote successful problem-solving, satisfaction, and cooperation
Applied Psychology
- Clinical Psychology: diagnoses and treats emotional problems
- Neuropsychology: deals with CNS disorders, trauma, and dementia
- Forensic Psychology: interacts with the legal system involving competency, custody, and risk assessment
- Counseling: deals with problems of everyday life and transitions
- School/Educational: enhances school performance and resolves emotional problems
- Consumer Psychology: develops and markets products
- Industrial/Organizational: works on issues of morale, job satisfaction, and productivity
Research Methods
- Theory: a systematic way of organizing and understanding observations
- Hypothesis: a proposed relationship between two variables; a falsifiable prediction
- Empirical Method: a set of rules and techniques for observation
- Variable: anything that can be measured or described along a particular dimension
- Continuous Variable: a variable that can be measured across a continuum
- Categorical Variable: a variable with a fixed meaning or attribute
- Operational Definitions: labels and describes the variables of interest in concrete, measurable terms
Measurement Issues in Research
- Validity: does the measurement measure what it is supposed to measure
- Reliability: do you get consistent measurement results when repeated
Data Collection Techniques
- Direct Observation: views or listens to subjects without asking specific questions or manipulating variables
- Survey Method: uses questionnaires and "anonymous" interviews
- Correlational Studies: explores the relationships between two variables using a numerical value
- Case Studies: in-depth study of an individual or small group
Psychology Defined
- The scientific investigation of mental processes (the mind) and behavior
- Reflects the influences of biological processes, individual differences, time, and culture
Goals of Psychology
- Describe how people and animals behave
- Understand and explain the causes of behavior
- Predict behaviors/reactions across situations
- Control behavior through understanding its causes and consequences
History of Psychological Inquiry
- Wilhelm Wundt: established the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany (1879)
- Analyzed Consciousness: a person's subjective experience of the world and the mind
- Structuralism: explored the relationship between the basic elements that constitute the mind
Experimental Method
- Allows for systematic observation
- Explores changes in variables of interest under controlled conditions
- Independent Variable: the variable that is manipulated by the experimenter
- Dependent Variable: the variable that is measured to assess any changes in response to the manipulation
- Experimental Group: receives the special treatment or exposure to changes in the independent variables
- Control Group: subjects that are not exposed to manipulations of the independent variables
- Extraneous Variable: variable other than the IV which can impact the results
- Standardization: keeping research procedures constant to assure confidence when comparing results that change is due to the variables of interest
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge on the differences between clinical psychologists and psychiatrists, as well as cognitive psychology and developmental psychology. Answer multiple-choice questions regarding various psychological fields and concepts.
