Questions and Answers
What is the process of recalling information from memory storage called?
What type of memory includes skills and procedures one has learned, and is not consciously aware?
Implicit memory
Which type of memory is defined as the maintenance of encoded information over time?
What is the term for memory that holds information briefly before it is either stored in long-term memory or forgotten?
Signup and view all the answers
What do we call the tendency to recall the last item in a series?
Signup and view all the answers
What term describes the mental framework that helps organize and interpret information?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of memory is described as the immediate recording of sensory information?
Signup and view all the answers
What do we call the memory method involving creating meaningful links to information already known?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the name of the phenomenon where information is more easily retrieved in the context in which it was encoded?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the fading away of memory over time?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of memory allows one to recognize previously encountered objects or events?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the inability to form new memories due to brain trauma known as?
Signup and view all the answers
What do we call the failure to remember events that occurred prior to a physical trauma?
Signup and view all the answers
What term describes the process of organizing information into meaningful units?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of rehearsal involves repeating new information to attempt to remember it?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Memory Concepts
- Memory: Mental functions for encoding, storing, and retrieving information, crucial for learning and daily functioning.
- Episodic Memory: Involves recollection of specific events, associated with personal experiences.
- Semantic Memory: Focused on general knowledge and facts that are not tied to personal experiences.
- Explicit Memory: Refers to memories that can be consciously recalled, such as facts and events.
- Implicit Memory: Unconscious memories, including skills and procedures, learned without active effort.
Memory Processes
- Encoding: The transformation of information into a format suitable for storage in memory.
- Storage: The preservation of encoded information for later use.
- Maintenance Rehearsal: A technique involving repetition of information to facilitate memory retention.
- Elaborative Rehearsal: An advanced strategy linking new information with existing knowledge to enhance memory.
Memory Retrieval
- Retrieval: The act of accessing stored information when needed.
- Context-Dependent Memories: Enhanced recall of information when in the same environment as when the information was learned.
- State-Dependent Memories: Improved retrieval of information when in the same mental or emotional state as during encoding.
Types of Memory
- Sensory Memory: Initial, brief capture of sensory information.
- Iconic Memory: Visual sensory memory that retains brief impressions of visual stimuli.
- Eidetic Imagery: Exceptionally detailed visual memory maintained over time.
- Echoic Memory: Auditory sensory memory that holds sounds for a brief duration.
- Short-Term Memory: Also termed working memory; temporarily holds information before it is stored or forgotten.
Memory Effects
- Primacy Effect: Tendency to better recall initial items in a list, shaping first impressions.
- Recency Effect: Easier recall of the last items in a list and influenced by recent experiences.
Memory Techniques
- Chunking: Organizing information into manageable units or "chunks" to facilitate memory.
- Interference: New information can disrupt the recall of existing information in short-term memory.
Long-Term Memory
- Long-Term Memory: Capacity for extensive and permanent storage of information.
- Schema: Framework or mental structure that helps to organize and interpret incoming information.
Memory Retrieval Techniques
- Recognition: Identifying previously encountered objects or events, a form of retrieval.
- Recall: Retrieving information without cues or immediate access.
- Relearning: Acquiring knowledge again, usually more efficiently after an initial learning experience.
Memory Loss and Disorders
- Decay: Gradual loss of memory traces over time if not reinforced.
- Retrograde Amnesia: Inability to recall events prior to a traumatic incident.
- Anterograde Amnesia: Difficulty forming new memories following brain injury.
- Infantile Amnesia: Inability to remember early childhood events, typically before age three.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge with this chapter 7 quiz on memory concepts in psychology. It covers essential definitions like episodic, semantic, and explicit memory. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of memory types and processes.
