Psychology Concepts and Definitions Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Match the following psychological concepts with their definitions:

Bottom-Up Processing = Processing sensory information as it is perceived Top-Down Processing = Using prior knowledge to interpret sensory information Selective attention = Focusing on a particular object in the environment Cocktail party effect = Being able to focus on a single conversation in a noisy crowd

Match the following terms with their examples:

Inattentional Blindness = Failing to notice a visible object when focusing on another task Change Blindness = Not noticing a change in a visual stimulus Mental set = Approaching a problem in a way that has worked in the past Priming = Exposure to one stimulus influences a response to another stimulus

Match the following fallacies with their descriptions:

Gambler’s fallacy = Believing past independent events affect future outcomes Sunk-cost fallacy = Continuing a behavior due to previously invested resources Framing = Drawing different conclusions from the same information based on presentation Schema = Cognitive frameworks that help organize and interpret information

Match the following depth perception cues with their definitions:

Monocular cues = Depth cues available from one eye alone Binocular cues = Depth cues that involve both eyes Retinal disparity = Difference in images between the two eyes Relative motion = As we move, objects that are closer move faster than objects that are farther away Signup and view all the answers

Match the following memory concepts with their descriptions:

Episodic memory = Memory of personal experiences Semantic memory = General knowledge about the world Procedural memory = Memory for skills and actions Implicit memory = Unconscious memory retrieval Signup and view all the answers

Match the Gestalt principles with their definitions:

Closure = The tendency to complete incomplete figures Proximity = Grouping objects that are close together Continuity = Perceiving smooth, continuous patterns rather than discontinuous ones Figure ground = Differentiating an object from its background Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of memory interference with their definitions:

Proactive interference = Old information disrupts new learning Retroactive interference = New information disrupts old learning Recall = Retrieving information without cues Recognition = Identifying previously learned information Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their applications:

Creativity = Developing innovative solutions to complex problems Executive functions = Managing tasks and prioritizing actions effectively Perceptual set = Expecting to see a particular outcome based on prior experiences Assimilation = Integrating new experiences into existing schemas Signup and view all the answers

Match the following research methodologies with their purposes:

Standardized test = Measures consistency of performance Construct validity = Ensures the test measures what it claims Predictive validity = Assesses how well a test predicts future outcomes Test-retest reliability = Measures stability of scores over time Signup and view all the answers

Match the psychological concepts related to attention and perception:

Selective attention = Filtering out distractions to focus on a task Cocktail party effect = Noticing your name mentioned in a loud room Change Blindness = Failing to notice a change in a stimulus during a visual interruption Inattentional Blindness = Missing an obvious object because attention is elsewhere Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their psychological significance:

Prototypes = Typical examples of a category Framing = How a situation or idea is presented affects decision making Mental set = Expecting certain outcomes based on past experiences Schema = Mental structures that organize knowledge about the world Signup and view all the answers

Match the following heuristics with their explanations:

Availability heuristic = Judging likelihood based on immediate examples Representative heuristic = Judging based on a prototype or stereotype Hybrid heuristic = Using multiple strategies to make a decision Adjustment heuristic = Anchoring decisions on an initial value Signup and view all the answers

Match the following stages of memory processing with their characteristics:

Sensory memory = Brief storage of sensory information Short-term memory = Limited capacity for information retention Long-term memory = Unlimited storage of information Three Stage Processing = Model describing the flow of memory Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of amnesia with their descriptions:

Retrograde amnesia = Inability to retrieve past memories Anterograde amnesia = Inability to create new memories Repression = Unconscious blocking of painful memories Alzheimer’s disease = Progressive memory loss disease Signup and view all the answers

Match the following memory effects with their definitions:

Forgetting curve = Rate of forgetting over time Serial position effect = Recall influenced by the position of items Context-dependent memory = Recall influenced by the context of learning Mood-congruent memory = Recall influenced by one's mood Signup and view all the answers

Match the following intelligence theories with their brief explanations:

General intelligence (g) = Underlying general factor in intellectual ability Flynn effect = Increase in IQ scores over generations Stereotype threat = Risk of conforming to negative stereotypes Stereotype lift = Improvement in performance due to positive stereotypes Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Bottom-Up Processing

Information processing that starts with sensory input and works its way up to higher-level processing.

Top-Down Processing

Information processing that starts with higher-level mental processes and works its way down to sensory input.