Psych 1010 Exam 3: Memory

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Questions and Answers

Define memory.

Memory is learning that persists over time. Its ability to store and retrieve information.

Where is implicit memory processed in the brain? Explicit memory?

Implicit memory is processed partly by the cerebellum, while explicit memory is processed in the hippocampus.

Define procedural memory.

Define episodic memory.

Explicit memory of personally experienced events; one of our two conscious memory systems. Signup and view all the answers

Define implicit memory.

Retention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection. Signup and view all the answers

Define explicit memory.

Refers to facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare; divided into semantic and episodic memory. Signup and view all the answers

Define declarative memory.

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Define semantic memory.

Explicit memory of facts and general knowledge; one of our two conscious memory systems. Signup and view all the answers

Understand the three different memory stores and know how they differ in terms of duration and capacity.

Sensory memory, working memory, and long-term memory. Signup and view all the answers

Understand the constructed nature of memory, including misinformation effects and imagination effects.

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Know what automatic and effortful processing are, and the difference between them.

Automatic processing is unconscious, while effortful processing requires attention and conscious effort. Signup and view all the answers

Understand context effects, and identify an example.

Recalling information better in the context it was learned. Signup and view all the answers

Know the best rehearsal strategies for increasing long-term recall of information.

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Understand how stress hormones influence the encoding of traumatic events and the details surrounding them.

Heightened emotions make for stronger memories, known as flashbulb memories. Signup and view all the answers

Distinguish between recognition and recall. Recognize faster re-learning as an indication of memory.

Recognition is identifying learned items, while recall is retrieving information. Signup and view all the answers

Understand the principle of mood congruent memory.

We usually recall experiences that are consistent with our current mood. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Definition of Memory

Memory is the ability to learn and retain information over time.
Key indicators include recall, recognition, and relearning.

Types of Memory

Explicit Memory
- Involves facts and experiences that can be consciously declared.
- Processed primarily in the hippocampus.
Implicit Memory
- Involves skills and actions learned without conscious awareness (nondeclarative memory).
- Partly processed in the cerebellum.
Procedural Memory
- Relates to performance of actions and skills without conscious thought.
Episodic Memory
- Explicit memory for personally experienced events.
- One of two conscious memory systems, alongside semantic memory.
Semantic Memory
- Explicit memory for facts and general knowledge.
- Represents the second conscious memory system.

Memory Stores

Sensory Memory
- Immediate and brief recording of sensory information.
Working Memory
- Short-term memory that involves active processing of incoming information and retrieval from long-term memory.
Long-Term Memory
- Relatively permanent storehouse for knowledge, skills, and experiences with virtually limitless capacity.

Memory Construction and Misinformation

Memory can be reconstructed; missing pieces may be filled in for coherence.
Misinformation Effect: Incorporating inaccurate details into one's memory.
Imagination Effect: Repeatedly imagining non-existent events can lead to false memories.

Encoding Processes

Automatic Processing
- Unconscious encoding of incidental information and well-learned material.
Effortful Processing
- Requires conscious attention and effort.

Context Effects

Recall improves when in the same context as the original learning.
Example: Scuba divers recall words better underwater if learned underwater.

Rehearsal Strategies for Long-Term Recall

Repeated studying enhances long-term retention.
Active engagement and personal relevance improve memory.
Use mnemonic devices and chunking for better encoding.
Employ retrieval cues to recreate the learning context.
Recall fresh information before exposure to misinformation.
Reduce interference by testing and identifying gaps in knowledge.

Stress and Memory Encoding

Heightened emotions can enhance memory formation.
Flashbulb memories are vivid recollections of emotionally significant events.

Recognition vs. Recall

Recognition: Identifying previously learned information (e.g., multiple-choice tests).
Recall: Retrieving information from long-term memory without cues (e.g., fill-in-the-blank tests).
Relearning: The speed of reacquiring information indicates memory strength.

Mood Congruent Memory

Recollection of experiences that align with an individual's current mood, influencing the retrieval of memories consistent with emotional state.

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Description

Test your understanding of memory with our quiz from Psychology 1010 Exam 3. This quiz covers essential concepts including the definition of memory and the brain regions involved in implicit and explicit memory processing. Challenge yourself and enhance your knowledge on the topic!