16 Questions
Which psychologist introduced the concept of the 'I-self' and 'me-self'?
William James
What are the three ego states proposed by Eric Berne's transactional analysis?
Parent, adult, child
What is the term used to describe the inability to react successfully to one's environment, according to Carl Rogers?
Maladjustment
According to Gordon Allport's personality trait theory, what are the three levels of traits?
Cardinal, central, secondary
Who proposed the concepts of the 'true self' and 'false self'?
D.W. Winnicott
What is the main focus of psychology according to the text?
The scientific study of how people behave, think, and feel
What are the three basic components of Piaget's cognitive theory according to the text?
Schema, adaptation, and stages of cognitive development
What are the four stages of Piaget's cognitive development theory?
Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
What is the focus of self-concept development in middle to later childhood?
Traits
What is the main focus of psychology according to the text?
How people behave, think, and feel
What are the three basic components of Piaget's cognitive theory?
Schema, adaptation, and stages of cognitive development
What is the focus of self-concept development in middle to later childhood according to the text?
The text does not mention this
Which psychologist introduced the concept of the 'I-self' and 'me-self'?
The text does not mention this
What are the four stages of Piaget's cognitive development theory?
Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
What is the term used to describe the inability to react successfully to one's environment, according to Carl Rogers?
The text does not mention this
Who proposed the concepts of the 'true self' and 'false self'?
The text does not mention this
Study Notes
Self-Concept Theories
- Adolescence marks the start of abstract self-definitions, focusing on possible selves.
- William James, the father of American psychology, proposed the I-self and me-self concepts:
- I-self has four features: sense of agency, uniqueness, continuity, and awareness.
- Me-self has three dimensions: material, social, and spiritual.
- Carl Rogers' self-concept revolves around the ideal self (aspired) and real self (actual), with high congruence leading to a better life and low congruence leading to maladjustment.
Personality Theories
- Gordon Allport's personality trait theory proposes three levels of traits:
- Cardinal traits (dominant)
- Central traits (influence certain situations)
- Secondary traits (minimal impact)
- Eric Berne's transactional analysis presents three ego states: parent, adult, and child, which can be natural or adaptive.
Self and Identity
- George Henriques' domains of self include private self-consciousness and public self.
- D.W. Winnicott's true and false selves:
- False self: formed by inadequate mothering, leading to compliance and disregard of true self's desires.
- True self: product of positively responsive mothering, based on spontaneous authentic experience.
Psychology and Cognitive Development
- Psychology is the scientific study of human behavior, thought, and emotion, covering topics such as brain function, memory, group interaction, and child development.
- Jean Piaget's cognitive theory consists of schema, adaptation, and stages of cognitive development:
- Stages: sensorimotor (0-2 yrs), preoperational (2-7 yrs), concrete operational (7-11 yrs), and formal operational (12+ yrs).
- Susan Harter's development of self-concept is based on a Piagetian framework:
- Early childhood: sense of self grounded on concrete characteristics.
- Middle to later childhood: focus on traits.
- Adolescence: abstract self-definitions.
- Emerging adults: focus on possible selves.
Test your knowledge on psychological perspectives on self, including theories by psychologist Jean Piaget and other relevant concepts in the field of psychology.
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