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Questions and Answers
What does self-concept primarily refer to?
What does self-concept primarily refer to?
During which stage do children learn through reflexes and senses without logical thought?
During which stage do children learn through reflexes and senses without logical thought?
Which component of self-concept refers to how a person perceives their physical traits?
Which component of self-concept refers to how a person perceives their physical traits?
According to Freud, what part of the mind holds all thoughts a person is aware of at any moment?
According to Freud, what part of the mind holds all thoughts a person is aware of at any moment?
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How is self-esteem defined in relation to self-concept?
How is self-esteem defined in relation to self-concept?
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Which aspect of the self is influenced by past experiences and stored in the unconscious?
Which aspect of the self is influenced by past experiences and stored in the unconscious?
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What is the distinction between true self and false self?
What is the distinction between true self and false self?
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Which psychologist emphasized the proactive nature of the self?
Which psychologist emphasized the proactive nature of the self?
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What is a characteristic of the pre-operational stage in Piaget's stages of development?
What is a characteristic of the pre-operational stage in Piaget's stages of development?
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Which of the following best defines William James's concept of the 'Me-Self'?
Which of the following best defines William James's concept of the 'Me-Self'?
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At which stage of cognitive development do children begin to understand conservation and classification?
At which stage of cognitive development do children begin to understand conservation and classification?
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In the context of the self, what does the 'material self' refer to?
In the context of the self, what does the 'material self' refer to?
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What is a major feature of the formal operational stage in Piaget's theory?
What is a major feature of the formal operational stage in Piaget's theory?
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How does the social self differ from the material self?
How does the social self differ from the material self?
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According to Piaget, which statement is true about children's role in the learning process?
According to Piaget, which statement is true about children's role in the learning process?
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What aspect of self does the spiritual self encompass according to William James?
What aspect of self does the spiritual self encompass according to William James?
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Study Notes
Psychological Perspectives on the Self
- Psychology examines the mind and behavior, focusing on observable actions and automated responses.
Stages of Cognitive Development (Jean Piaget)
- Pre-operational stage (2-7 years): Ability to use symbols; limited object-oriented thinking.
- Concrete operational stage (7-11 years): Logical thinking about tangible problems; understanding conservation, classification, and reversibility of thought.
- Formal operational stage (11 years+): Advanced logical reasoning and comprehension of theoretical and abstract concepts.
- Children actively engage in learning by building upon existing knowledge and incorporating new information.
William James' Concept of Self
- Differentiates between "Me-Self" (self-descriptive experiences) and "I-Self" (recognition of one's identity).
- Components of Me-Self:
- Material self: Possessions and valued objects.
- Social self: Identity shaped by social roles and relationships.
- Spiritual self: Core values, morals, and conscience reflecting one's uniqueness.
Carl Rogers: Self-Concept
- Refers to self-perception and evaluation, developing from early childhood throughout life.
- Components include:
- Self-image: Personal view of oneself, incorporating traits and physical attributes.
- Self-esteem: Degree of self-worth; influences positive or negative self-evaluation.
- Ideal self: Aspirational goals and ambitions defining who one wishes to become.
Sigmund Freud: Levels of the Mind
- Conscious: Awareness of current thoughts, memories, and feelings driven by the reality principle.
- Subconscious/Preconscious: Contains accessible thoughts and feelings not currently in awareness.
- Unconscious: Stores memories and experiences influencing behavior and motivations, often without conscious awareness.
Other Models of Self
- True self vs. false self: True self reflects genuine feelings, whereas false self is shaped by societal expectations.
- Healthy false self: Behaviors and manners exhibited despite contrary internal feelings.
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Description
This quiz explores various psychological perspectives on the self, particularly focusing on the developmental stages of the pre-operational stage in children. Understand how children form and use symbols as they develop their thinking abilities. Test your knowledge on these foundational concepts in psychology.
