Psychology: Perception and Knowledge of Objects in Infants

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By what age do infants typically begin to search for hidden objects according to the text?

6-8 months (correct)

10-12 months

2-4 months

14-16 months

What is the term used to describe an infant's ability to know that an object continues to exist even when it is hidden?

Object Misplacement

Object Disappearance

Object Permanence (correct)

Object Transparency

At what age does the 'a-not-b error' persist, according to the text?

8-12 months (correct)

12-18 months

18-24 months

4-6 months

Which researcher conducted studies on infant object knowledge through the violation of expectation technique in the 1960s-70s?

T.G. Bower Signup and view all the answers

What is the main indicator that an infant's expectations are violated during the violation of expectation technique?

Showing signs of confusion or distress Signup and view all the answers

When do search errors start occurring on more complex tasks involving object hiding and displacement?

8-12 months Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, why did infants familiarized with a continuous event look longer at a two-object display?

They reasoned that there should only be one object involved. Signup and view all the answers

Why might infants make search errors, according to the text?

The cognitive load of memory might be too great for them. Signup and view all the answers

What conflict do the two bodies of data mentioned in the text present?

3-4 month old infants can already understand object permanence. Signup and view all the answers

Why do infants familiarized with a discontinuous event look longer at a one-object display?

They reasoned that there should only be one object involved. Signup and view all the answers

What could be a possible reason for search failure according to the text?

Memory limitations and cognitive load. Signup and view all the answers

Why do infants make search errors even when they have the ability to organize their actions?

Cognitive load of memory being too great. Signup and view all the answers

At what age do infants typically begin using shadows in their perception of depth?

7 months Signup and view all the answers

Why do infants at 5 months appear to be less likely to reach for an object closer to the horizon?

They believe objects closer to the horizon are farther away than they actually are Signup and view all the answers

How many infants ventured over the visual cliff in Gibson and Walk's study?

3 out of 27 Signup and view all the answers

According to Piaget, how do infants construct their understanding of the 3-dimensional world?

Through actions and interactions with the environment Signup and view all the answers

What does the Visual Cliff experiment suggest about innate depth perception in infants?

Infants lack innate depth perception until the age of 2-3 months Signup and view all the answers

How did crawling help infants understand depth and distance according to the text?

By allowing them to explore different distances and depths through action Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common method of assessing infants' spatial orientation abilities?

The Peekaboo Paradigm Signup and view all the answers

At what age do infants start showing an increasing ability to take account of bodily rotation?

4-6 months Signup and view all the answers

What is true about infants' ability to make use of the relationship between landmarks?

Infants between 6-8 months can make use of the relationship between landmarks Signup and view all the answers

According to Acredolo's research, what happens to infants' reliance on direct landmarks between 9-18 months?

Infants show a reduced reliance on direct landmarks Signup and view all the answers

What bodily movements do infants develop control over after 6 months of age?

Bodily displacements and rotations Signup and view all the answers

What is the connection between infants' ability to sit unaided and their performance in the peekaboo task?

Infants who can sit unaided develop control of rotational head and trunk movements Signup and view all the answers

What change in heart rate was observed in 5-month-old infants when exposed to the deep part of the visual cliff?

A deceleration in heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What factor seems to determine whether an infant will cross the deep side of the visual cliff, when controlling for both age and cognitive ability?

Experience crawling and/or walking Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the role of falling experience in the development of wariness in infants?

It is unlikely that wariness is due to falling experience Signup and view all the answers

Which age group of infants showed more wariness when tested on the visual cliff?

9-month-old infants Signup and view all the answers

What did the study on heart-rate change reveal about the perception of depth in 5-month-old infants?

5-month-old infants perceive depth differences but only show interest Signup and view all the answers

What does the research on the visual cliff suggest about the development of depth perception in infants?

Depth perception is innate but infants only become wary of depth after crawling experience Signup and view all the answers