Unit 4 - Perception, Concept, and Language Development

<p>Perceptual constancy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experience with specific objects helps infants understand their physical properties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Culture impacts infants' attentional focus within a visual scene (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infants initially prefer face-like shapes but become more selective over time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early language exposure is crucial for developing functional language abilities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is characterized by a slower pace, higher pitch variability, and more word repetition. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They develop two separate linguistic systems, allowing them to switch between languages. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency to perceive speech sounds as belonging to distinct categories. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It highlights the unique challenges faced by deaf individuals in acquiring language. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enhances cognitive control and improves performance on cognitive tasks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human interaction is essential for providing the necessary auditory stimuli for language development. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The unique rhythm and melody with which a language is spoken. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A CS is a stimulus that is learned to elicit a specific response, whereas a UCS is not. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased likelihood of the behavior being repeated. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Imitation is a form of observational learning, but observational learning is not necessarily a form of imitation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The smallest unit of meaning in a language. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Syntax governs the rules for combining words into sentences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This statement highlights how language can be used to convey meaning beyond literal interpretation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only humans have the capacity for language, and all humans share this ability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short utterances with essential words omitted (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overregularization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limited vocabulary acquisition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To organize information based on similarities and differences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>According to their perceived size and shape (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overall shape (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Other people (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distributional Properties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Voice Onset Time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Underextension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Between 10 and 15 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Word Segmentation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using the word &quot;ball&quot; for any round object (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a crucial step in learning to vocalize and experiment with sounds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps infants develop a strong foundation for rapid word learning. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The development of motor skills in infants. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reaching (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reveals how infants develop depth perception through integrating visual cues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A decrease in response to repeated stimulation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bilingual infants habituate faster than monolingual infants. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning by associating a neutral stimulus with a reflex. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to move one's body independently. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Closing the fingers around an object presented to the palm.

Moving feet when held upright on a solid surface.

Key developmental movements acquired by infants as they grow.

Clumsy swiping movements by infants toward objects in sight.

The ability of infants to move themselves, like crawling or walking.

An apparatus used to study depth perception in infants.

A decrease in response to repeated stimulation, indicating learning.

Learning that associates an initial stimulus with a reflexive response.

Infants show preference for categorizing colors before language development.

Infants naturally prefer shapes resembling human faces.

Decrease in distinguishing unfamiliar faces as infants grow familiar with their own racial or social group faces.

Newborns prefer face-like stimuli, including human and monkey faces.

Ability to perceive objects as constant despite changes in viewing conditions.

Ability to identify separate objects within a visual array.

Developmental shifts in infant focus from eyes to mouths.

Culture impacts how infants perceive scenes and focus their attention.

Learning based on the consequences of behavior, involving reinforcement or punishment.

A reward that follows a behavior, increasing its likelihood of recurrence.

Learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others.

The smallest unit of sound that can change meaning in a language.

The smallest unit of meaning in a language, made of phonemes.

Rules determining how words from different categories can be combined.

Understanding the social context and practical use of language.

The duration from air passing through lips to vocal cord vibration.

Identifying word boundaries in continuous speech.

Certain sounds in a language appear together more frequently than others.

Producing repeated syllable sounds in early language development.

Mutual understanding between two individuals.

Two people focusing on the same object or event.

Using a word too broadly, beyond its correct meaning.

Using a word too narrowly, restricting its meaning.

Short utterances, usually two words, omitting non-essential words.

Errors where children apply regular rules to irregular forms of words.

By age 6, children understand 10,000 words and can sustain conversations.

General ideas that categorize objects, events, or qualities based on similarity.

Organization of categories by set-subset relations, like animal/dog/poodle.

Children's quest for knowledge about causes and effects in the world.

Children categorize objects into general groups like inanimate objects or animals.

Infants prefer looking at people, indicating social awareness.

A girl who had little exposure to language until age 13.

A specific way adults speak to infants, characterized by higher pitch and slower rate.

Infants who learn two languages, can discriminate sounds at the same pace as monolingual peers.

Switching between two linguistic systems within a conversation or speech.

The rhythm and melody of spoken language that aids in comprehension.

The process of interpreting and understanding spoken language.

The classification of speech sounds into distinct categories.

Mental processes involved in controlling attention and managing tasks.