Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a key difference between the evolution of scientific understanding in physics and psychology?
What is a key difference between the evolution of scientific understanding in physics and psychology?
Which concept best describes the approach of psychology, given its variety of perspectives?
Which concept best describes the approach of psychology, given its variety of perspectives?
Which school of thought in psychology emphasizes the importance of unconscious drives and childhood experiences?
Which school of thought in psychology emphasizes the importance of unconscious drives and childhood experiences?
Which of the following perspectives in psychology directly opposes psychoanalysis by concentrating solely on measurable behaviors?
Which of the following perspectives in psychology directly opposes psychoanalysis by concentrating solely on measurable behaviors?
Signup and view all the answers
What belief characterizes the Humanistic-Existential perspective in psychology?
What belief characterizes the Humanistic-Existential perspective in psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
In what way do the three psychological paradigms discussed (psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and humanistic-existential perspective) differ from each other?
In what way do the three psychological paradigms discussed (psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and humanistic-existential perspective) differ from each other?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is most accurate about paradigms in psychology?
Which of the following is most accurate about paradigms in psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the term 'evolutionary epistemology' refer to in the context of psychology's development?
What does the term 'evolutionary epistemology' refer to in the context of psychology's development?
Signup and view all the answers
According to the provided information, what is a paradigm?
According to the provided information, what is a paradigm?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes the role of anomalies in the context of scientific paradigms?
Which of the following best describes the role of anomalies in the context of scientific paradigms?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements best describes 'incommensurability' in the context of paradigm shifts?
Which of the following statements best describes 'incommensurability' in the context of paradigm shifts?
Signup and view all the answers
In the course PSY1610, which paradigms are introduced to students?
In the course PSY1610, which paradigms are introduced to students?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main goal of the PSY1610 course?
What is the main goal of the PSY1610 course?
Signup and view all the answers
Which theoretical perspective emphasizes the role of unconscious processes in shaping human behavior?
Which theoretical perspective emphasizes the role of unconscious processes in shaping human behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
According to the provided text, which of the following is NOT a lecturer in PSY1610?
According to the provided text, which of the following is NOT a lecturer in PSY1610?
Signup and view all the answers
A key concept of the behaviourist approach is:
A key concept of the behaviourist approach is:
Signup and view all the answers
According to the provided material, what is a major indicator that a paradigm shift is likely to occur?
According to the provided material, what is a major indicator that a paradigm shift is likely to occur?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following therapeutic approaches is NOT typically associated with the humanistic-existential perspective?
Which of the following therapeutic approaches is NOT typically associated with the humanistic-existential perspective?
Signup and view all the answers
Which author(s) are associated with the main textbook?
Which author(s) are associated with the main textbook?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key focus of psychoanalytic treatment?
What is a key focus of psychoanalytic treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a core concept of Gestalt therapy?
Which of the following is NOT a core concept of Gestalt therapy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of these statements best aligns with behaviorism's view of human action?
Which of these statements best aligns with behaviorism's view of human action?
Signup and view all the answers
In Gestalt therapy, what is the primary purpose of providing a safe, non-judgemental space for clients?
In Gestalt therapy, what is the primary purpose of providing a safe, non-judgemental space for clients?
Signup and view all the answers
Which theorist is associated with operant conditioning?
Which theorist is associated with operant conditioning?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main focus of psychoanalysis in explaining a person's reaction?
What is the main focus of psychoanalysis in explaining a person's reaction?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a core tenet of the Humanistic-Existential perspective?
What is a core tenet of the Humanistic-Existential perspective?
Signup and view all the answers
According to behaviorism, what is the focus of treatment?
According to behaviorism, what is the focus of treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the third wave of psychoanalysis primarily focus on?
What does the third wave of psychoanalysis primarily focus on?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of these approaches is NOT explicitly mentioned as part of the three waves of psychoanalysis?
Which of these approaches is NOT explicitly mentioned as part of the three waves of psychoanalysis?
Signup and view all the answers
According to psychoanalysis, what is considered important when trying to understand why a person reacts in a certain way?
According to psychoanalysis, what is considered important when trying to understand why a person reacts in a certain way?
Signup and view all the answers
According to the content, what do both Gestalt therapy and psychoanalysis look at when understanding reactions and behavior?
According to the content, what do both Gestalt therapy and psychoanalysis look at when understanding reactions and behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes the function of paradigms in the context of personality?
Which of the following best describes the function of paradigms in the context of personality?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT identified as a focal point when examining personality?
Which of the following is NOT identified as a focal point when examining personality?
Signup and view all the answers
According to the definitions provided, which statement about personality characteristics is least accurate?
According to the definitions provided, which statement about personality characteristics is least accurate?
Signup and view all the answers
An individual who is experiencing a crisis of faith is primarily engaging with which human domain?
An individual who is experiencing a crisis of faith is primarily engaging with which human domain?
Signup and view all the answers
A student who studies hard and shows sharper thinking before an exam primarily demonstrates which personality domain?
A student who studies hard and shows sharper thinking before an exam primarily demonstrates which personality domain?
Signup and view all the answers
An 11-year-old who is an early developer, with uncontrolled anger, who acts impulsively and is power driven, primarily demonstrates challenges in which domain?
An 11-year-old who is an early developer, with uncontrolled anger, who acts impulsively and is power driven, primarily demonstrates challenges in which domain?
Signup and view all the answers
The question of whether personality is 'instinctive or intentional' relates most directly to which concept?
The question of whether personality is 'instinctive or intentional' relates most directly to which concept?
Signup and view all the answers
The 'blind areas' refer to the idea that:
The 'blind areas' refer to the idea that:
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Major Paradigms in Psychology
- The study unit is titled "Major Paradigms in Psychology" and focuses on the psychodynamic paradigm.
- The course is PSY1610, worth 6 ECTS credits.
- Assessment is a take-home examination with short essay questions.
- Course coordinator is Dr. Greta Darmanin Kissaun.
- Lecturers include Dr. Greta Darmanin Kissaun (Malta cohort), Ms Mary Rose Gatt (Gozo cohort), Dr Marta Sant (Malta and Gozo cohorts), and Ms Roberta Farrugia Debono (Malta and Gozo cohorts).
Introduction to PSY1610
- The unit aims to introduce students to three major areas of psychology: psychoanalysis, humanistic-existential paradigm, and behaviorism.
- The paradigms form the foundational stones of many psychological theories.
- The unit also aims to introduce the underlying values and attitudes typical of these paradigms.
- The assigned textbooks include "An introduction to theories of personality" by Hall, Lindsey, & Campbell (1998), "An elementary textbook of psychoanalysis" by Brenner (1974), and "Theories of Personality" by Feist, Feist, & Roberts (2018).
What is a Paradigm?
- A paradigm is a set of ideas/framework that helps us interpret reality.
- A paradigm is a commonly accepted perspective in a discipline.
- A paradigm is an internationally recognized scientific achievement, which gives models, problems, and solutions to a group of practitioners (Kuhn 1962).
- A scientific revolution occurs when a new paradigm better explains reality than the old paradigm and is incompatible with it (incommensurable).
- Examples of paradigm shifts include Darwin's theory of evolution, Copernicus' model, and Einstein's theory of gravity.
Psychology - A Unique Discipline
- Psychology has several competing schools of thought (paradigms), rather than one widely accepted paradigm.
- It reflects the complexity of the human organism.
- Major branches include psychoanalysis, behaviorism, cognitive psychology, humanistic-existential perspective, and neuropsychology.
Psychology - A Multiparadigmatic Discipline
- Successful psychological ideas have endured, rather than a complete paradigm shift.
- Multiple theories and approaches coexist in psychology, each providing insights.
- Psychology is therefore a multiparadigmatic discipline.
Three Paradigms in Psychology
- First force: Psychoanalysis. Behaviors and emotions are determined by unconscious drives, such as those related to sexuality and aggression, and by childhood experiences.
- Second force: Behaviorism. It focuses only on observable behaviors and rejects the unconscious. It reacts to psychoanalysis
- Third force: Humanistic-Existential perspective. This paradigm emphasizes human potential and the desire for meaningful lives. It reacts to both psychoanalysis and behaviorism
Psychoanalytic Theory
- Sigmund Freud, born in Moravia (Czech Republic) in 1856, moved to Vienna at age 4, where his work originated.
- Psychoanalysis emphasizes unconscious processes and the importance of childhood experiences.
- It is a deterministic theory, as childhood greatly influences an individual's personality.
- Treatment focuses on understanding unconscious processes to alleviate emotional problems.
- Psychoanalysis has evolved over time; major periods or waves include Drive Psychology, Ego Psychology, British Schools (Object Relations and Self Psychology).
Behaviorism
- A significant movement in experimental psychology in the 20th century, focusing on practical applications.
- The movement rejected introspective methods (like psychoanalysis).
- Key figures include John Watson (prediction and control of behavior), Pavlov (classical conditioning), Skinner (operant conditioning), and others.
- Behaviour therapy emerged in the 1950's, drawing on classical and operant conditioning to modify behavior and alleviate symptoms.
Humanistic-Existential Perspective
- The perspective encompasses the person-centered approach (Rogers), logotherapy (Frankl), and Gestalt psychotherapy (Perls).
- Core beliefs: human potential and the search for meaningful lives.
- Concepts: self-awareness, freedom, responsibility, identity, relationships, meaning, anxiety, and awareness of death.
- Therapy: focuses on fostering growth, integration, safety, and a non-judgmental space for the client.
Example of Personality Domains Analysis
- A scenario: A child throws a stone and hits a father.
- Possible reactions: angry outburst, stone-throwing back, public shame, family departure, or calming reaction and complaint.
- Psychoanalysis explains a reaction based on personality structure and function.
Definitions of Personality
- Personality is a long-lasting pattern of deeply-embedded psychological characteristics.
- These characteristics are largely unconscious and difficult to change.
- These characteristics emerge from a mix of biological factors and life experiences.
- They influence the way one feels, thinks, acts, and copes with life.
Key Domains of Personality
- Physical
- Emotional
- Cognitive
- Behavioral
- Spiritual
Important Questions in Personality
- Nature vs. nurture
- Instinctive vs. Intentional
- Product of past?
- Self-awareness
- Implications of the debates mentioned
Further Questions about the Personality of Individuals
- What are your thoughts?
- What are the implications of these psychological debates?
- A case study of an 11-year old boy: his physical characteristics, emotional responses, cognitive abilities, behavioral tendencies, and spiritual background are considered.
Why Study Personality?
- Understanding for therapeutic purposes
- Assessment
- Research
- Theoretical development
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the key concepts and major perspectives in psychology through this quiz. Delve into the evolution of scientific understanding in the field and understand how different schools of thought, such as psychoanalysis and behaviorism, contrast with each other. Test your knowledge on the significance of paradigms in psychological development.
