Psychology Overview Quiz

True (A)

Id, Ego, Superego

<p>Humanistic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pavlov = Classical conditioning Watson = Behaviorism Skinner = Operant conditioning Maslow = Hierarchy of needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Introspection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased liking of a stimulus after repeated exposure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To explain the discomfort people feel when their beliefs and behaviors are inconsistent and the motivation to reduce that discomfort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cannon-Bard</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Joy = Basic emotion Shame = Self-conscious emotion Empathy = Moral emotion Fear = Basic emotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequency theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemicals secreted in the body that produce a physiological response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>nanometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>X-rays = 10^-1 nm Ultraviolet = 10^1 nm Infrared = 10^3 nm Radar = 10^5 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hair cells cannot fire faster due to a refractory period. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may sync up with each other due to pheromones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>basilar</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Making estimates starting from an initial value and adjusting it (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A student attributes their high exam score to their intelligence but blames a low score on the difficult questions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>anchoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-serving bias = Attributing success to personal factors Anchoring heuristic = Adjusting estimates from an initial value Situational factors = External influences affecting outcomes Dopamine-related behavior = Influence of substances on attitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is a higher probability of smoking behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They might have experienced a car accident or know someone who has, leading to a cognitive bias.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>anchor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Test difficulty (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Earlier information has a stronger influence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>prejudice</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>rebound</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stereotype = A generalized belief about members of a group Discrimination = Behaviors directed toward others because of group membership Halo effect = Assumption about additional qualities based on known traits Negativity bias = Negative information has stronger influence than positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Role schema (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are assumed to possess additional undisclosed positive qualities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>sociability, morality</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative behavior is seen as violating positive expectations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The idea that the mind and body are separate entities.

A scientific approach to psychology that focuses on the structure of the mind and how we experience the world through introspection.

A school of psychology that emphasizes the function of the mind, how it helps us adapt to our environment and survive.

A theory proposing that our behavior is influenced by unconscious drives, motivations, and conflicts.

A psychological approach that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior and how it is learned through conditioning.

Examines how biological factors influence behavior, including brain structure and function.

A theory that proposes our behavior is shaped by evolutionary processes that favor traits that enhance survival and reproduction.

The perceived quality of sound, often due to the mixture of different sound frequencies, that allows us to distinguish between different instruments or voices.

The rate at which sound waves vibrate, measured in Hertz (Hz). Higher frequency sounds are perceived as higher pitched.

A theory of hearing that suggests that different frequencies of sound stimulate different locations on the basilar membrane in the inner ear. This allows us to distinguish between different pitches.

A theory of hearing that suggests that the rate at which hair cells in the inner ear fire corresponds to the frequency of a sound. This explains how we perceive low-frequency sounds.

A method of processing high-frequency sounds where groups of hair cells fire in alternating patterns. This allows us to perceive frequencies higher than a single hair cell can fire at.

The ability of the eye to detect light. It is measured in nanometers (nm).

The range of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, ultraviolet rays, infrared rays, and X-rays.

Chemicals secreted by the body that trigger physiological responses, such as mating behavior or social cues.

The sense of smell, which is triggered by odor molecules that bind to receptor cells in the nasal cavity.

Earlier information has a stronger influence on our perception than later information.

Negative information has a stronger influence on our judgments and perceptions than positive information.

The assumption that someone with one positive (or negative) quality also possesses other positive (or negative) qualities.

A generalized belief about a group of people, often based on stereotypes.

A generalized attitude towards members of a social group, often involving negative emotions.

Behaviours directed toward others based on their group membership, often unfair or discriminatory.

Schemas (mental frameworks) about different aspects of the world, including people, roles, events, and even knowledge itself.

The tendency for previously suppressed thoughts to become more accessible after the suppression effort is lifted.

Schemas about different social groups, often containing stereotypes and prejudices.

When asked to suppress thoughts of a specific object (like a white bear), intrusive thoughts about that object decrease over time.

The tendency for bystanders to be less likely to help in an emergency if there are other onlookers present.

A psychological phenomenon that refers to improved task performance in the presence of others.

A type of motivation loss that occurs when group members work is unidentifiable and they work less than they would work individually.

The tendency for people to conform to the actions or opinions of others, even if they believe the others' actions or opinions are wrong.

A mental shortcut where we rely on an initial piece of information (anchor) to make estimates, adjusting from that starting point.

The tendency to overestimate our ability to predict events, often believing we knew the outcome beforehand.

The tendency to attribute our successes to internal factors (our skills or abilities) and our failures to external factors beyond our control.

The tendency to judge the likelihood of an event based on how easily examples come to mind.

The tendency to overestimate the likelihood of an event happening simply because it is more easily imagined.

The tendency to favor information that confirms our existing beliefs while ignoring or downplaying information that contradicts them.

The tendency to overestimate the likelihood of rare events, especially if those events are easily recalled or discussed.

The tendency to attribute our own behavior to situational factors while attributing others' behavior to their personality traits.

The tendency to think about the future in a way that is overly optimistic and underestimates potential difficulties.

We tend to assume things we are familiar with or have personal experience with are more common than things we are unfamiliar with.