Psychology Learning Theories Quiz

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In classical conditioning, what response occurs without prior learning when the unconditioned stimulus is presented?

Unconditioned Response (correct)
Neutral Stimulus
Conditioned Response
Conditioned Stimulus

Which term describes the process in classical conditioning where a previously conditioned response decreases when the conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus?

Generalization
Acquisition
Extinction (correct)
Spontaneous Recovery

In operant conditioning, which schedule of reinforcement provides rewards after an unpredictable number of responses, leading to high rates of behavior?

Fixed ratio
Variable ratio (correct)
Fixed interval
Variable interval

Which researcher is associated with the law of effect in operant conditioning?

Edward Thorndike (C) Signup and view all the answers

What do primary reinforcers satisfy directly?

Physiological needs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What concept describes the ability to distinguish between similar stimuli and respond differently in operant conditioning?

Discrimination (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the study of Garcia and others (1966), what did their findings support regarding classical conditioning?

Certain associations are easier to condition due to evolutionary factors. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which learning theory emphasizes the influence of cognitive processes in acquiring knowledge, as challenged by Tolman and Honzik's (1930) study?

Behaviorism (B) Signup and view all the answers

In classical conditioning, which concept refers to the decrease in a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus?

Extinction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of conditioning pairs a response with its consequence, typically through reinforcement or punishment?

Operant conditioning (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which schedule of reinforcement tends to produce the highest rate of responding?

Variable ratio (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which phenomenon describes the return of a conditioned response after a period of extinction?

Spontaneous recovery (B) Signup and view all the answers

In operant conditioning, what are reinforcers meant to do?

Increase the likelihood of a behavior (A) Signup and view all the answers

What best describes a primary reinforcer?

A reinforcement that satisfies biological needs directly (A) Signup and view all the answers

Biological preparedness in the context of classical conditioning refers to what?

An innate tendency to associate certain stimuli more easily (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the law of effect state regarding behavior and consequences?

Behaviors that lead to satisfactory outcomes are likely to be repeated (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'shaping' in the context of operant conditioning?

Gradually reinforcing closer approximations to a desired behavior (D) Signup and view all the answers

Classical Conditioning

A learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a stimulus that naturally triggers a response, eventually eliciting the same response.

Operant Conditioning

A learning process where behaviors are strengthened or weakened by consequences.