Psychology of Self: Individualism vs Collectivism
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the individualistic self?

  • Individual goals and achievements (correct)
  • Shared values and traditions
  • The welfare of the community
  • Social harmony and group identity

Which trait is associated with the collectivistic self?

  • Emphasis on individuality
  • Achievement of personal goals
  • Selflessness and cooperation (correct)
  • Independence from community

How are individual rights viewed in individualistic societies?

  • As irrelevant in social interactions
  • As less significant than community goals
  • As the most important aspect (correct)
  • As subordinate to collective rights

What drives individuals in collectivistic cultures?

<p>The well-being of the group (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common belief in individualistic societies regarding dependence on others?

<p>It is frequently viewed as shameful (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In collectivistic societies, the survival of the group is believed to:

<p>Impact the well-being of individuals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements reflects a trait of individualism?

<p>'I' identity and personal initiative (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cultural perspective tends to distance individuals emotionally and psychologically from each other?

<p>Individualism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of individualism is emphasized in Western thoughts?

<p>Reliance on scientific methods for self-understanding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is dependence on others viewed in a society that values independence?

<p>As shameful and undesirable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of collectivism compared to individualism?

<p>Promotes unity and support among individuals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do both Western and Eastern thoughts prioritize in their respective approaches?

<p>Understanding human existence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best reflects the attitude toward scientific methods in Western thoughts?

<p>They provide satisfactory answers for self-understanding. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is often the view of selflessness in individualistic societies?

<p>It is less prevalent compared to collectivist ideals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In collectivism, which of the following is considered a priority?

<p>Supporting community and familial ties (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes the understanding of self in Western thoughts?

<p>Primarily through scientific inquiry and personal exploration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic that distinguishes Confucianism from other philosophies?

<p>It focuses on social and ethical philosophy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements embodies the essence of the Golden Rule in Confucianism?

<p>Do not do others what you would not want others to do you. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does self-cultivation in Confucianism involve?

<p>Understanding one’s role in society. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Confucianism primarily defined in context?

<p>A system of thought and behavior focused on ethics and societal roles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what manner does Confucianism differ from typical religious practices?

<p>It does not involve rituals or worship. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Nirvana' signify in Buddhism?

<p>A state of transcendence devoid of self-reference (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the view of self in Eastern Thoughts?

<p>The self is relational and interconnected with others (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Hinduism, what is the concept of 'Karma' primarily associated with?

<p>The idea of reincarnation and moral cause and effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the founder of Buddhism?

<p>Siddharta Gautama (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Buddhist philosophy, what is considered an illusion?

<p>The concept of individual identity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of an individual in Hinduism?

<p>To attain true knowledge of reality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect does NOT characterize Eastern Thoughts?

<p>Emphasis on individualism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered one of the most important doctrines of Hinduism?

<p>The Law of Karma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the theory of cultural relativism suggest about understanding different cultures?

<p>Cultural practices should be understood on their own terms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a positive implication of cultural determinism?

<p>Human beings can actively choose how to shape their lives. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a way culture can manifest itself?

<p>Politics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does cultural determinism view human agency?

<p>Culture shapes individuals leading to limited agency. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do symbols play in culture?

<p>They represent accepted meanings within a specific culture. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a negative implication of cultural determinism?

<p>People may not question the morals they inherited from culture. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is not included in the definition of culture?

<p>Environmental factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is communication important in the transmission of culture?

<p>It facilitates the social transmission of cultural practices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does biological anthropology primarily focus on?

<p>The study of human evolution and diversity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does linguistics contribute to anthropology?

<p>By examining how language shapes social interaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of archaeology in anthropology?

<p>It studies past human behavior through material remains. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the influence of culture on individuals according to anthropology?

<p>Culture plays a critical role in shaping an individual's identity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subfield of anthropology is primarily concerned with the social aspects of language?

<p>Linguistics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect does NOT typically fall under the subfield of cultural anthropology?

<p>Investigating physical traits of human populations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary concern of archaeological studies in anthropology?

<p>Understanding how past human behaviors influence current societies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement most accurately reflects the findings of biological anthropology?

<p>Biological anthropology views evolution as a continuous process. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of the past and present evolution of the human species is known as ______ anthropology.

<p>biological</p> Signup and view all the answers

Archaeologists study the ancient and recent human past through ______ remains.

<p>material</p> Signup and view all the answers

The subfield of anthropology that studies the role of language in social lives is called ______.

<p>linguistics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cultural anthropology examines ______ relationships and influences on individuals.

<p>social</p> Signup and view all the answers

The focus of biological anthropology is on the ______ characteristics of humans.

<p>biological</p> Signup and view all the answers

Artifacts, architecture, and biofacts all consist of elements studied through ______.

<p>archaeology</p> Signup and view all the answers

Language identifies a ______ of people and shapes their communication.

<p>group</p> Signup and view all the answers

The subfield of anthropology that focuses on ancient and recent human past is known as ______.

<p>archaeology</p> Signup and view all the answers

In linguistics, the study of how language and modes of communication ______ over time is essential.

<p>change</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anthropology makes the person aware that what he is may be determined by his ______ and present condition.

<p>past</p> Signup and view all the answers

Culture is a group of people’s way of ______.

<p>life</p> Signup and view all the answers

The theory that the culture in which we are raised determines who we are is known as ______.

<p>cultural determinism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Humans can be shaped to have the kind of life they prefer, suggesting no limits on their ability to ______.

<p>do</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cultural relativism is the ability to understand a culture on its own ______.

<p>terms</p> Signup and view all the answers

Symbols are words, gestures, pictures, or objects with a recognized meaning in a particular ______.

<p>culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cultural beliefs, practices, and values are often ______ transmitted from generation to generation.

<p>socially</p> Signup and view all the answers

A negative implication of cultural determinism is that people have no control over what they ______.

<p>learn</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of human cultures includes examining their ______, beliefs, values, and technologies.

<p>practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cultural anthropology focuses on the social aspects of human ______.

<p>interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cultural anthropology considers how cultures shape human ______.

<p>behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Individualistic Self

A view of the self emphasizing personal independence and self-reliance where personal goals and rights are prioritized.

Collectivistic Self

A view of the self where the group is central, prioritizing harmony and interdependence, with group success linked to individual well-being.

Western Thought

A philosophical approach emphasizing scientific methods, individual identity, and relational theories in understanding the self.

Eastern Thought

A philosophical approach emphasizing relational connections with others and the universe, often focusing on the meaning of life, not just personal identity.

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Buddhism

A philosophy that views the self as an illusion, emphasizing non-attachment and reaching Nirvana through meditation.

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Hinduism

A philosophy that believes in an immortal soul (Atman) continuing through reincarnation, influenced by Karma.

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Confucianism

A philosophy focusing on ethical behavior and social roles, promoting self-cultivation through social responsibilities.

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Golden Rule

A principle in Confucianism emphasizing reciprocal moral behavior.

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Scientific Method

A process used in the West to investigate the self, promoting objective observation and analysis.

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Nirvana

The state of enlightenment in Buddhism, achieved by overcoming the illusion of self.

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Atman

The immortal soul in Hinduism.

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Karma

Actions and their consequences in Hinduism that affect future lives in the cycle of reincarnation

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Personal Identity

The individual's sense of who they are, distinct from others.

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Relational Self

A self defined in terms of connections and relationships with others.

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Interdependence

The reliance on each other for support and well-being.

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Cultural Identity

The sense of belonging to a particular culture.

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Individual Rights

Rights and freedoms protected for individuals.

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Community Welfare

The well-being and prosperity of the group or community.

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Philippines

A country exhibiting a unique cultural identity blending Western and Eastern values.

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Anthropology

The study of humankind, encompassing physical/biological characteristics, social relationships, and cultural influences throughout history.

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Archaeology

The study of the human past using material remains – like artifacts, architecture, and biofacts – to understand how people lived.

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Biological Anthropology

The study of human evolution, past and present, exploring the causes of human diversity.

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Linguistic Anthropology

The study of language in its social and cultural contexts, how language shapes communication and changes over time.

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Cultural Anthropology

The study of human cultures – their diversity and similarities through time and space.

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Human Survival

Archaeology's key finding; the enduring need for humans to adapt and thrive in different environments and times.

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Artifacts

Physical objects made or modified by humans, providing insights into past cultures and societies.

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Biofacts

Natural objects used by people, such as food, bones and plant parts, potentially offering evidence of past lifestyles.

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Cultural Anthropology

The study of human cultures, their beliefs, practices, values, ideas, technologies, economies, and social structures.

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Culture

A group's way of life, including behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols, passed down through generations.

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Cultural Determinism

The belief that culture shapes how people behave and feel.

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Cultural Relativity

Understanding a culture on its own terms, without judging it against one's own culture.

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Symbol

A word, gesture, picture, or object that represents something in a particular culture.

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Social Interaction

The ways people communicate and connect within a group.

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Worldview

A culture's fundamental beliefs about the world and their place in it.

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Universal Language

A language used internationally to facilitate communication among different cultures.

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Anthropology

The study of humankind, encompassing physical/biological characteristics, social relationships, and cultural influences throughout history.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Archaeology

The study of the human past using material remains to understand how people lived.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Biological Anthropology

The study of human evolution, past and present, exploring the causes of human diversity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Linguistic Anthropology

The study of language in its social and cultural contexts.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cultural Anthropology

The study of human cultures, their diversity and similarities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Human Survival

Archaeology's crucial discovery; the ongoing need for adaptation and thriving throughout history.

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Artifacts

Physical objects made by humans, offering clues about past cultures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Biofacts

Natural objects used by people; offering insights into past lifestyles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Culture

A group's way of life, including behaviors, beliefs, and values.

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Language

A system of communication using words, sounds, and symbols.

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Cultural Anthropology

The study of human cultures, their beliefs, practices, values, ideas, technologies, economies, and social structures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Culture

A group's way of life, including behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols, passed down through generations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cultural Determinism

The belief that the culture in which we are raised determines our emotions and behavior.

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Cultural Relativity

Understanding a culture on its own terms, without judging it against one's own culture.

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Symbol

A word, gesture, picture, or object that represents something in a particular culture.

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Social Interaction

The ways people communicate and connect within a group.

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Worldview

A culture's fundamental beliefs about the world and their place in it.

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Universal Language

A language used internationally to facilitate communication among different cultures.

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English

A global language that is used in many cultures.

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Group's Manner of Social Interaction

The ways individuals relate to each other in a specific group or society.

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Study Notes

Concepts of the Self

  • Western thought emphasizes an individualistic self, where personal independence and self-reliance are paramount.
  • The individual identifies primarily with their own needs, often prioritizing them over group requirements.
  • Traits of the individualistic self include the promotion of personal goals, initiative, and the belief that individual rights are supreme.
  • Emotional and psychological distancing from others is typical in individualistic cultures, reflecting a lower emphasis on collective community support.

Collectivistic Self

  • In contrast,Eastern perspectives favor a collectivistic self, viewing the group as the central entity.
  • Harmony and interdependence among group members are crucial, with personal well-being connected to group success.
  • The rights of families and communities take precedence over individual rights in collectivist societies.
  • Traits of the collectivistic self include cooperation, support for others, and a sense of unity, where the individual's identity is linked closely with the group.

Western Thoughts

  • Western philosophy values scientific methods to explore the self, promoting individualistic and relational theories.
  • Investigations focus on personal identity rather than relational aspects of selfhood, further solidifying the emphasis on individualism.

Eastern Thoughts

  • Eastern conceptions of the self are more relational, focusing on connections with others and the universe.
  • The ultimate meaning of life and human existence is a central theme, contrasting with Western approaches.
  • Techniques for self-understanding often do not involve scientific investigation but rely on practices aimed at emotional and personal transformation.

Major Eastern Philosophies

  • Buddhism teaches that the self is an illusion and emphasizes the importance of non-attachment, aiming for the state of Nirvana through meditation.
  • Hinduism believes in the immortal soul (Atman) continuing through reincarnation, with karma significantly impacting one's existence across lifetimes.
  • Confucianism focuses on ethical behavior and social roles, advocating for self-cultivation based on social responsibilities.

Practical Applications

  • The Golden Rule in Confucianism emphasizes reciprocal moral behavior.
  • Understanding these philosophical differences enhances the comprehension of cultural identity within diverse societies.

Key Differences Summary

  • Western societies emphasize individual identity and personal rights, while Eastern societies prioritize community welfare and interdependence.
  • Distinctions also exist within individual nations, such as the Philippines, influenced by both Western and Eastern values, leading to a unique cultural identity.

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GNED08 Lesson 3 - The Self From The Perspective Of Anthropology PDF

Description

This quiz explores the contrasting concepts of the self in Western and Eastern thought. It highlights the characteristics of individualistic and collectivistic perspectives, examining how these views influence personal identity, group dynamics, and social behavior. Test your understanding of these fundamental psychological principles.

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