Psychology of Self: Individualism vs Collectivism
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the individualistic self?

  • Individual goals and achievements (correct)
  • Shared values and traditions
  • The welfare of the community
  • Social harmony and group identity

    • Which trait is associated with the collectivistic self?

  • Emphasis on individuality
  • Achievement of personal goals
  • Selflessness and cooperation (correct)
  • Independence from community

    • How are individual rights viewed in individualistic societies?

  • As irrelevant in social interactions
  • As less significant than community goals
  • As the most important aspect (correct)
  • As subordinate to collective rights

    • What drives individuals in collectivistic cultures?

    <p>The well-being of the group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common belief in individualistic societies regarding dependence on others?

    <p>It is frequently viewed as shameful</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In collectivistic societies, the survival of the group is believed to:

    <p>Impact the well-being of individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements reflects a trait of individualism?

    <p>'I' identity and personal initiative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cultural perspective tends to distance individuals emotionally and psychologically from each other?

    <p>Individualism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of individualism is emphasized in Western thoughts?

    <p>Reliance on scientific methods for self-understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is dependence on others viewed in a society that values independence?

    <p>As shameful and undesirable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of collectivism compared to individualism?

    <p>Promotes unity and support among individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do both Western and Eastern thoughts prioritize in their respective approaches?

    <p>Understanding human existence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best reflects the attitude toward scientific methods in Western thoughts?

    <p>They provide satisfactory answers for self-understanding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is often the view of selflessness in individualistic societies?

    <p>It is less prevalent compared to collectivist ideals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In collectivism, which of the following is considered a priority?

    <p>Supporting community and familial ties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes the understanding of self in Western thoughts?

    <p>Primarily through scientific inquiry and personal exploration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic that distinguishes Confucianism from other philosophies?

    <p>It focuses on social and ethical philosophy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements embodies the essence of the Golden Rule in Confucianism?

    <p>Do not do others what you would not want others to do you.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does self-cultivation in Confucianism involve?

    <p>Understanding one’s role in society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Confucianism primarily defined in context?

    <p>A system of thought and behavior focused on ethics and societal roles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what manner does Confucianism differ from typical religious practices?

    <p>It does not involve rituals or worship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Nirvana' signify in Buddhism?

    <p>A state of transcendence devoid of self-reference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the view of self in Eastern Thoughts?

    <p>The self is relational and interconnected with others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Hinduism, what is the concept of 'Karma' primarily associated with?

    <p>The idea of reincarnation and moral cause and effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the founder of Buddhism?

    <p>Siddharta Gautama</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Buddhist philosophy, what is considered an illusion?

    <p>The concept of individual identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of an individual in Hinduism?

    <p>To attain true knowledge of reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect does NOT characterize Eastern Thoughts?

    <p>Emphasis on individualism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered one of the most important doctrines of Hinduism?

    <p>The Law of Karma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the theory of cultural relativism suggest about understanding different cultures?

    <p>Cultural practices should be understood on their own terms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a positive implication of cultural determinism?

    <p>Human beings can actively choose how to shape their lives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a way culture can manifest itself?

    <p>Politics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does cultural determinism view human agency?

    <p>Culture shapes individuals leading to limited agency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do symbols play in culture?

    <p>They represent accepted meanings within a specific culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a negative implication of cultural determinism?

    <p>People may not question the morals they inherited from culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is not included in the definition of culture?

    <p>Environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is communication important in the transmission of culture?

    <p>It facilitates the social transmission of cultural practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does biological anthropology primarily focus on?

    <p>The study of human evolution and diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does linguistics contribute to anthropology?

    <p>By examining how language shapes social interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of archaeology in anthropology?

    <p>It studies past human behavior through material remains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about the influence of culture on individuals according to anthropology?

    <p>Culture plays a critical role in shaping an individual's identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subfield of anthropology is primarily concerned with the social aspects of language?

    <p>Linguistics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect does NOT typically fall under the subfield of cultural anthropology?

    <p>Investigating physical traits of human populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary concern of archaeological studies in anthropology?

    <p>Understanding how past human behaviors influence current societies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement most accurately reflects the findings of biological anthropology?

    <p>Biological anthropology views evolution as a continuous process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The study of the past and present evolution of the human species is known as ______ anthropology.

    <p>biological</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Archaeologists study the ancient and recent human past through ______ remains.

    <p>material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The subfield of anthropology that studies the role of language in social lives is called ______.

    <p>linguistics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cultural anthropology examines ______ relationships and influences on individuals.

    <p>social</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The focus of biological anthropology is on the ______ characteristics of humans.

    <p>biological</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Artifacts, architecture, and biofacts all consist of elements studied through ______.

    <p>archaeology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Language identifies a ______ of people and shapes their communication.

    <p>group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The subfield of anthropology that focuses on ancient and recent human past is known as ______.

    <p>archaeology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In linguistics, the study of how language and modes of communication ______ over time is essential.

    <p>change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anthropology makes the person aware that what he is may be determined by his ______ and present condition.

    <p>past</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Culture is a group of people’s way of ______.

    <p>life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The theory that the culture in which we are raised determines who we are is known as ______.

    <p>cultural determinism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Humans can be shaped to have the kind of life they prefer, suggesting no limits on their ability to ______.

    <p>do</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cultural relativism is the ability to understand a culture on its own ______.

    <p>terms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Symbols are words, gestures, pictures, or objects with a recognized meaning in a particular ______.

    <p>culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cultural beliefs, practices, and values are often ______ transmitted from generation to generation.

    <p>socially</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A negative implication of cultural determinism is that people have no control over what they ______.

    <p>learn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The study of human cultures includes examining their ______, beliefs, values, and technologies.

    <p>practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cultural anthropology focuses on the social aspects of human ______.

    <p>interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cultural anthropology considers how cultures shape human ______.

    <p>behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Concepts of the Self

    • Western thought emphasizes an individualistic self, where personal independence and self-reliance are paramount.
    • The individual identifies primarily with their own needs, often prioritizing them over group requirements.
    • Traits of the individualistic self include the promotion of personal goals, initiative, and the belief that individual rights are supreme.
    • Emotional and psychological distancing from others is typical in individualistic cultures, reflecting a lower emphasis on collective community support.

    Collectivistic Self

    • In contrast,Eastern perspectives favor a collectivistic self, viewing the group as the central entity.
    • Harmony and interdependence among group members are crucial, with personal well-being connected to group success.
    • The rights of families and communities take precedence over individual rights in collectivist societies.
    • Traits of the collectivistic self include cooperation, support for others, and a sense of unity, where the individual's identity is linked closely with the group.

    Western Thoughts

    • Western philosophy values scientific methods to explore the self, promoting individualistic and relational theories.
    • Investigations focus on personal identity rather than relational aspects of selfhood, further solidifying the emphasis on individualism.

    Eastern Thoughts

    • Eastern conceptions of the self are more relational, focusing on connections with others and the universe.
    • The ultimate meaning of life and human existence is a central theme, contrasting with Western approaches.
    • Techniques for self-understanding often do not involve scientific investigation but rely on practices aimed at emotional and personal transformation.

    Major Eastern Philosophies

    • Buddhism teaches that the self is an illusion and emphasizes the importance of non-attachment, aiming for the state of Nirvana through meditation.
    • Hinduism believes in the immortal soul (Atman) continuing through reincarnation, with karma significantly impacting one's existence across lifetimes.
    • Confucianism focuses on ethical behavior and social roles, advocating for self-cultivation based on social responsibilities.

    Practical Applications

    • The Golden Rule in Confucianism emphasizes reciprocal moral behavior.
    • Understanding these philosophical differences enhances the comprehension of cultural identity within diverse societies.

    Key Differences Summary

    • Western societies emphasize individual identity and personal rights, while Eastern societies prioritize community welfare and interdependence.
    • Distinctions also exist within individual nations, such as the Philippines, influenced by both Western and Eastern values, leading to a unique cultural identity.

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    GNED08 Lesson 3 - The Self From The Perspective Of Anthropology PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the contrasting concepts of the self in Western and Eastern thought. It highlights the characteristics of individualistic and collectivistic perspectives, examining how these views influence personal identity, group dynamics, and social behavior. Test your understanding of these fundamental psychological principles.

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