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Questions and Answers
What characterizes an authoritarian personality according to Theodor Adorno?
What characterizes an authoritarian personality according to Theodor Adorno?
- Preference for individualism
- Openness to diverse ideas
- Submissiveness to authority (correct)
- Strong ability to adapt
According to Henry Tajfel, what is a consequence of individuals categorizing themselves into groups?
According to Henry Tajfel, what is a consequence of individuals categorizing themselves into groups?
- Favoring the in-group (correct)
- Enhanced empathy towards out-group members
- Increased social mobility
- Reduction in stereotypes
What role do stereotypes play in the formation of prejudice as described in the content?
What role do stereotypes play in the formation of prejudice as described in the content?
- They eliminate biases against individuals.
- They encourage open-mindedness in evaluations.
- They simplify and generalize information. (correct)
- They promote a sense of equality among groups.
What is a significant conclusion regarding cognitive mechanisms and prejudice?
What is a significant conclusion regarding cognitive mechanisms and prejudice?
What is a common outcome of generalization and accentuation in the context of stereotypes?
What is a common outcome of generalization and accentuation in the context of stereotypes?
Flashcards
Authoritarian Personality
Authoritarian Personality
A personality type characterized by submissiveness to authority, conformity, intolerance, and rigid thinking. This theory suggests that prejudice stems from this specific personality structure.
Social Identity Theory
Social Identity Theory
The theory that prejudice arises from normal cognitive processes, specifically through the formation of in-groups and out-groups. This leads to favoring the in-group and negative views of the out-group.
Stereotypes
Stereotypes
Oversimplified and generalized beliefs about a particular group of people. They can be positive or negative, but often contribute to prejudiced attitudes.
Accentuation Effect
Accentuation Effect
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Generalization
Generalization
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Study Notes
Prejudice Origins
- Prejudice stems from various factors, including authoritarian personalities and social identity.
Adorno's Theory
- Adorno (1903-1969) proposed that prejudice arises from an authoritarian personality.
- This personality type is characterized by submission to authority, conformity, intolerance, and inflexibility.
- Individuals with such personalities often project their insecurities and hostility onto perceived out-groups.
Tajfel's Theory
- Tajfel (1919-1982) argued that prejudice is a natural outcome of social categorization.
- People categorize themselves and others into groups (in-groups and out-groups).
- This categorization fosters a sense of belonging and boosts self-esteem.
- Favoring the in-group and discriminating against the out-group is a common outcome of this process.
Prejudice Development
- Prejudice develops through various factors, including social categorization and authoritarian personality traits. This can lead to negative attitudes and stereotypical views of the out-group.
- These stereotypical views often involve a negative evaluation of the out-group.
Social Categorization
- Social categorization is a natural cognitive process of generalizing and accentuating characteristics of individuals and groups. This frequently leads to prejudice.
- Stereotyping is a frequent aspect of social categorization, leading to biased perception of groups.
- Individuals tend to differentiate between "in-groups" and "out-groups."
- This categorization can lead to bias and prejudice.
Prejudice as a Inevitable Phenomenon
- Prejudice is not necessarily a conscious choice but could be a natural cognitive process.
- This process can manifest in varying degrees of intensity across individuals.
- Even seemingly tolerant individuals are not immune to prejudice due to its cognitive nature.
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