Social Psychology - Prejudice & Discrimination

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Questions and Answers

What is prejudice?

A negative attitude held towards members of some identifiable group.

What is discrimination?

Negative action towards individuals identified of some identifiable group.

What are some effects of discrimination? (Select all that apply)

Focus on the negative (correct)

Playing out a stereotyped role (correct)

Increase in motivation

Difficult to handle psychologically (correct)

What were the results of the Urban Stress Study?

The group that was discriminated against performed poorer on cognitive tests. Signup and view all the answers

What does out-group homogeneity refer to?

The perception of out-group members as more similar to one another than in-group members. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an authoritarian personality?

A personality with the 'fascist' mindset, viewing the world in black vs. white terms. Signup and view all the answers

How is prejudice maintained? (Select all that apply)

Arrogance in power Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate attribution error?

The tendency to explain negative behaviors of an out-group member as a flaw in their personality. Signup and view all the answers

What are some methods for eradicating prejudice? (Select all that apply)

Legal avenues Signup and view all the answers

What is the glass ceiling?

The unseen barrier that keeps minorities and women from rising to upper levels in corporations. Signup and view all the answers

What is tokenism?

The practice of making a perfunctory gesture towards the inclusion of minority groups. Signup and view all the answers

What is hostile sexism?

Sexism that involves overtly negative evaluations and stereotypes about women. Signup and view all the answers

What is benevolent sexism?

Evaluations of women that appear positive but are damaging to gender equity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the contact hypothesis?

A principle suggesting that working on a task helps improve relations among conflicting groups. Signup and view all the answers

What is realistic conflict theory?

A model explaining intergroup conflict due to competition for resources. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Prejudice and Discrimination

Prejudice: Negative attitudes towards identifiable groups.
Discrimination: Negative actions targeting individuals from identifiable groups.

Effects of Discrimination

Lower motivation and performance levels.
Tendency to focus on negative aspects.
Psychological difficulties in coping.
Individuals may enact stereotypical roles.
Experience of "atypical roles."
Involves subjective stereotyping:
- "Shifting standards"
- "Subjective scales"

Urban Stress Study

Study involving a $3 incentive for a task.
Males discriminated against received only $1.
Resulted in poorer cognitive performance in discriminated group.

Out Group Homogeneity

Perception that out-group members are more similar than in-group members.
In-group perceived as diverse while out-group seen as alike.

Authoritarian Personality

Defined by a "fascist" mindset with binary worldviews (black vs. white, us vs. them).
Tendency to use increased physical force.

Maintenance of Prejudice

Arrogance among those in power.
Social segregation practices.
Rationalization of prejudiced beliefs.
Impact of ultimate attribution error.

Ultimate Attribution Error

Negative behaviors of outgroup members viewed as personality flaws.
Positive behaviors of outgroup members justified by exceptional circumstances.

Eradicating Prejudice

Reality contact: Engaging authentically with marginalized groups.
Jigsaw Classes: Collaborative learning models promoting interaction.
Acknowledgment of cultural metaphors.
Utilizing legal frameworks to combat discrimination.

Structural Barriers

Glass Ceiling: Invisible barriers preventing women and minorities from corporate advancement despite qualifications.
Tokenism: Superficial inclusion measures that create a facade of diversity without genuine change.

Sexism

Hostile Sexism: Negative stereotypes about women's competency.
Benevolent Sexism: Damaging perceptions disguised as positive, suggesting women need protection.

Contact Hypothesis

Effective method for improving intergroup relations through cooperative tasks and friendship development.

Realistic Conflict Theory

Describes intergroup conflict arising from competition for resources such as money, political power, and social status.
Solution through engagement in cooperative superordinate goals.

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Description

Test your understanding of key concepts in social psychology related to prejudice and discrimination. This quiz focuses on important terms and their definitions, exploring the negative attitudes and actions towards identifiable groups and their effects. Ideal for students looking to reinforce their knowledge in this crucial area of psychology.