Questions and Answers
What is prejudice?
A negative attitude held towards members of some identifiable group.
What is discrimination?
Negative action towards individuals identified of some identifiable group.
What are some effects of discrimination? (Select all that apply)
What were the results of the Urban Stress Study?
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What does out-group homogeneity refer to?
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What characterizes an authoritarian personality?
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How is prejudice maintained? (Select all that apply)
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What is the ultimate attribution error?
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What are some methods for eradicating prejudice? (Select all that apply)
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What is the glass ceiling?
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What is tokenism?
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What is hostile sexism?
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What is benevolent sexism?
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What is the contact hypothesis?
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What is realistic conflict theory?
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Study Notes
Prejudice and Discrimination
- Prejudice: Negative attitudes towards identifiable groups.
- Discrimination: Negative actions targeting individuals from identifiable groups.
Effects of Discrimination
- Lower motivation and performance levels.
- Tendency to focus on negative aspects.
- Psychological difficulties in coping.
- Individuals may enact stereotypical roles.
- Experience of "atypical roles."
- Involves subjective stereotyping:
- "Shifting standards"
- "Subjective scales"
Urban Stress Study
- Study involving a $3 incentive for a task.
- Males discriminated against received only $1.
- Resulted in poorer cognitive performance in discriminated group.
Out Group Homogeneity
- Perception that out-group members are more similar than in-group members.
- In-group perceived as diverse while out-group seen as alike.
Authoritarian Personality
- Defined by a "fascist" mindset with binary worldviews (black vs. white, us vs. them).
- Tendency to use increased physical force.
Maintenance of Prejudice
- Arrogance among those in power.
- Social segregation practices.
- Rationalization of prejudiced beliefs.
- Impact of ultimate attribution error.
Ultimate Attribution Error
- Negative behaviors of outgroup members viewed as personality flaws.
- Positive behaviors of outgroup members justified by exceptional circumstances.
Eradicating Prejudice
- Reality contact: Engaging authentically with marginalized groups.
- Jigsaw Classes: Collaborative learning models promoting interaction.
- Acknowledgment of cultural metaphors.
- Utilizing legal frameworks to combat discrimination.
Structural Barriers
- Glass Ceiling: Invisible barriers preventing women and minorities from corporate advancement despite qualifications.
- Tokenism: Superficial inclusion measures that create a facade of diversity without genuine change.
Sexism
- Hostile Sexism: Negative stereotypes about women's competency.
- Benevolent Sexism: Damaging perceptions disguised as positive, suggesting women need protection.
Contact Hypothesis
- Effective method for improving intergroup relations through cooperative tasks and friendship development.
Realistic Conflict Theory
- Describes intergroup conflict arising from competition for resources such as money, political power, and social status.
- Solution through engagement in cooperative superordinate goals.
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Description
Test your understanding of key concepts in social psychology related to prejudice and discrimination. This quiz focuses on important terms and their definitions, exploring the negative attitudes and actions towards identifiable groups and their effects. Ideal for students looking to reinforce their knowledge in this crucial area of psychology.
